2012年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試閱讀習(xí)題及答案解析(6)

　　閱讀文章的結(jié)構(gòu)

　　了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，能夠讓我們?cè)陂喿x時(shí)更迅速地把握文章的脈絡(luò)和文章主旨，對(duì)于提高做題效率更有重要意義。 文章的結(jié)構(gòu)模式大體上分為四類。這四類文章在一篇文章中并不是獨(dú)立存在的，有時(shí)往往是幾種段落結(jié)構(gòu)模式交織在一起。

　　總分型 這類文章遵循從觀點(diǎn)到材料，從抽象到具體的邏輯法則，其基本框架是先總論后分論，中心論點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)在分論之前。

　　問(wèn)題解決型 首先說(shuō)明情況和背景，然后提出問(wèn)題，接著作出反應(yīng)，也就是解決問(wèn)題，當(dāng)然問(wèn)題也可能沒(méi)有解決或沒(méi)有完全解決，最后給予適當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)價(jià)或者分析。總體布局上有時(shí)會(huì)舍去背景部分或評(píng)價(jià)部分。

　　匹配型 段落的發(fā)展主線為兩種事物之間的類比：兩種論點(diǎn)概論----一種論點(diǎn)----另一種論點(diǎn);或者是現(xiàn)象----一種事物----另一種事物----得出結(jié)論。作者一般不發(fā)表態(tài)度和結(jié)論。

　　假設(shè)真實(shí)型 文章結(jié)構(gòu)模式是：假設(shè)觀點(diǎn)----進(jìn)行反駁----作者觀點(diǎn)。作者往往在文中開頭即提出一種觀點(diǎn)或主張，然后從贊同與反對(duì)兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行反駁或澄清，經(jīng)過(guò)論證之后才提出作者本人的觀點(diǎn)。

　　Passage 6

　　Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always __1__ such people, but I also explain that there’s a big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of __2__ and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. "You’ve got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer."

　　The reality is that writing is a __3__, private and poorpaying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never __4__. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer(自由撰稿人), I had no __5__ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it was __6__and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a __7__ writer.

　　After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to __8__ myself. It was so hard to sell a story that __9__ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one of those people who die wondering, what if? I would keeo putting my dream to the test--even though it meant living with __10__and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there.

　　A) barely B) genuine C) rewarded D) doubt

　　E) lonely F) poverty G) persuade H) prospects

　　I) uncertainty J)impossibly K) encourage L)awarded

　　M) alone N)wealth O)cold

　　參考答案及解析:

　　1.選K)。 此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的原形。可選項(xiàng)有doubt, persuade, encourage, 但由always推知，作者是在鼓勵(lì)那些想要成為作家的人，而不是懷疑也不是說(shuō)服，故排除doubt和persuade而選encourage。

　　2.選N)。由空格后的fame可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞。可選項(xiàng)有prospects和wealth，但由dreaming of 與第二段中The reality is... poor-paying可推知，那些想當(dāng)作家的人夢(mèng)想的是金錢和名譽(yù)，而不是前途，故排除prospects而選wealth。

　　3.選E)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，private, poor-paying一起修飾affair。選項(xiàng)中有l(wèi)onely和alone,能修飾affair的只有l(wèi)onely,alone表示“孤獨(dú)的”時(shí)，通常作表語(yǔ)，故排除alone而選lonely。

　　4.選C)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式�？蛇x項(xiàng)有rewarded和awarded,前者可表示“(為所希望的舉動(dòng)得到的)回報(bào)”，后者作動(dòng)詞時(shí)表示“頒發(fā)，授予”，故只有rewarded符合題意而排除awarded。

　　5.選H)。此處應(yīng)填名詞�！爱�(dāng)我辭別了我在美國(guó)海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)20年工作成為一個(gè)自由撰稿人時(shí)，沒(méi)有任何......可言”，可選項(xiàng)有prospects和wealth，但wealth一般指抽象意義上的“金錢”，因此排除wealth而選prospects“前途”。

　　6.選O)。it指代的是apartment building，從had no bathroom可知這個(gè)公寓條件很差，選項(xiàng)中只有cold能說(shuō)明公寓的條件差，故選擇O)cold。

　　7.選B)�！拔荫R上買了一臺(tái)舊的手動(dòng)打字機(jī)，感覺(jué)自己就好像是一個(gè)......的作家”，由前面提到的to become a freelance writer可推知，此處作者是想成為一個(gè)真正的作家，故選項(xiàng)中只有g(shù)enuine“真正的”符合題意。

　　8.選D)。由空格前的to可知，此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的原形�？蛇x項(xiàng)有doubt,persuade,encourage,但由still hadn’t gotten a break"在寫作上還沒(méi)有任何進(jìn)展”，所以此處應(yīng)理解為他開始懷疑自己的選擇是否正確，故doubt符合文意。

　　9.選A)。that從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，后面有made，故此處應(yīng)填副詞�？蛇x項(xiàng)有barely和impossibly，因that引導(dǎo)的從句是對(duì)story的解釋，再由hard一詞可推知，此處應(yīng)填的副詞應(yīng)表達(dá)肯定的意思，故排除impossibly而選barely“僅僅，剛剛”。

　　10.選I)。由空格后的and可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞。由fear of failure可知，所填詞應(yīng)表示不好的境遇，可選項(xiàng)有poverty和uncertainty;又由fear可推知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是生活的變化無(wú)常，而不是生活的貧困，故選uncertainty。

　　導(dǎo)讀：

　　Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always K)encourage such people, but I also explain that there’s a big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of N)wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter.(these individuals指代的是Many a young people。) "You’ve got to want to write,"I say to them, "not want to be a writer."

　　The reality is that writing is a E)lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never C)rewarded.(kissed by fortune意為“受到命運(yùn)之神的親睞”，由此可推出第4題應(yīng)填的詞。) When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer(自由撰稿人), I had no H)prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. (What I did... my room in...。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，What引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句，who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾a friend,由此可看出，作者剛開始從事寫作時(shí)的艱難。)It didn’t even matter that it was O)cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a B)genuine writer.

　　After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to D)doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that A)barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one of those people who die wondering, what if? I would keep putting my dream to the test----even though it meant living with I)uncertainty and fear of failture.(put... to the test意為“使.....經(jīng)受考驗(yàn)”，此處表明了作者態(tài)度，即要成為作家必須忍受很多困難。)This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there.

　　全文翻譯：

　　很多年輕人對(duì)我說(shuō)他們想當(dāng)作家。我總是鼓勵(lì)這樣的青年，但同時(shí)我也向他們說(shuō)明“當(dāng)作家”和寫作的區(qū)別是很大的。在很多情況下，

　　那些想當(dāng)作家的人向往的是金錢和名譽(yù)，而不是獨(dú)自守著打字機(jī)的漫長(zhǎng)日子。我對(duì)他們說(shuō)，“你必須是想寫，而不應(yīng)是想當(dāng)作家�！�

　　事實(shí)上，寫作是一件令人寂寞，孤獨(dú)而且報(bào)酬又不高的事情。在每一個(gè)受到命運(yùn)之神青睞的作家背后，還有成百上千的不走運(yùn)的作家，

　　這些人的渴望從沒(méi)有得到過(guò)回報(bào)。當(dāng)我辭別了我在美國(guó)海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)20年工作成為一個(gè)自由撰稿人時(shí)，沒(méi)有任何前途可言。我只有一個(gè)朋友，

　　他在紐約的一幢公寓里給我找了一個(gè)房間。盡管房間很冷而且連洗漱間也沒(méi)有，不過(guò)這都沒(méi)關(guān)系。我馬上買了一臺(tái)舊的手動(dòng)打字機(jī)，感覺(jué)自

　　己就好像是一個(gè)真正的作家了。

　　然而，大約一年后，我仍然沒(méi)有任何進(jìn)展并開始懷疑自己。要賣出一篇暫且可以糊口的作品是如此之難。但我知道我有寫作的欲望。這是

　　我多年以來(lái)的夢(mèng)想。我不會(huì)像有些人那樣，在臨終前還在想，當(dāng)初如果不放棄該多好啊!我會(huì)繼續(xù)接受考驗(yàn)，即使這意味著變化無(wú)常的生活

　　和對(duì)失敗的擔(dān)心。這其實(shí)也是夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)以前的一種虛幻的境界，每一個(gè)有夢(mèng)想的人都應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)在這種境遇中生活。

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