5、should/ought to have done的含義。 “should/ought to have+過去分詞”表示“過去應(yīng)該做謀事卻沒有做”;“should not/ought not to have+過去分詞”表示“做了不應(yīng)該做的事”。含有責(zé)備或遺憾的意思。例如:
You shouldn’t /oughtn’t to have come here alone at such a late hour. 你這么晚的時候本不一該一個人來這里的。(實(shí)際是一個人來的)
She should/ought to have gone there alone. 她本該一個人去那里的。(實(shí)際上不是)
You should have come here ten minutes earlier. 你本應(yīng)該早10分鐘來才是。
The boy shouldn’t have been playing the piano. 那孩子不應(yīng)該一直在彈鋼琴。
6、might, may, must表示推測時的區(qū)別: may,might, must可表示 推 測“可能”.根據(jù)表示可能性的大小,我們把這三個詞排列為:might It might rain tomorrow. (將來)明天可能下雨。 They might be watching TV now. (現(xiàn)在)他們可能正在看電視。 Jane might have visited the Summer Palace last year. (過去)去年珍妮可能去過頤和園。 He may have something important to do. (現(xiàn)在)他可能有更重要的事要做。 They may have been to Shanghai last summer. (過去)去年夏天他們可能去過上海。 There must be something wrong with him. (現(xiàn)在)他肯定出問題了。 He must have made a mistake. (過去)他一定是犯了個錯誤。 第四部分 幾個用法的區(qū)別 1、 can 和be able to的區(qū)別。can在表示“能力”時與be able to同義。但是can的時態(tài)形式不如be able to多。在一般將來時和現(xiàn)在完成時中只能用be able to。如: She will be able to dance in a week. 她再過一星期就會跳舞了。 Nobody has ever been able to do it. 從來沒有人能夠做這事。 在過去時中,could表示具備某種能力,但不一定做事;而was able to表示努力設(shè)法去做謀事,成功后說明有能力,相當(dāng)managed to do或succeeded in doing。這時,could和was able to是不能互換的。例如: When he was a boy, he could swim across the river in fifteen minutes. 他小時侯,15分鐘就能游過那河。(could表示能力,但不一定這么做) He was able to swim across the river in fifteen minutes last week. =He managed to swim across the river in fifteen minutes last week. =He succeeded in swimming across the river in fifteen minutes last week. 上周他15分鐘就游過了那河。(was able to表示真這樣做了,而且成功了。這里不能用could) 2、must與 have to的比較。 Must 強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀意志,也就是說,必要性來自說話者的主觀意志。 have to 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀因素。例如: He must stop smoking. 他必須戒煙。(說話人認(rèn)為他必須) This is an awful film. ?We really must go. 這部電影糟透了-我們一定要離開這里。(說話人認(rèn)為必須) You have to go and see the boss. 你一定得去見見老板。(客觀因素) Catholics have to go to church on Sundays. 天主教徒星期天必須去做禮拜。(客觀因素,如教規(guī)等 ) 注意:must not表示“絕對不可”; don’t have to(或 haven’t got to )表示“不必,沒必要”,兩者意思極為不同。英國英語中常用needn’t來代替 haven’t got to 或don’t have to,如: You mustn’t tell Jenny. =Don’t tell Jenny. 你一定不要告訴珍妮。 You don’t have to tell Jenny. =You can if you like but it isn’t necessary. 你不必非要告訴珍妮。 3、need 作為情態(tài)動詞與行為動詞的區(qū)別。作為情態(tài)動詞,need 無過去式和將來時,故用had to, will have to替代,主要用在否定句、疑問句、條件句中,意思是“有必要”。例如: He need not come at once. 他不必馬上就來。 If you need go there, please tell me now. 如果你需要去那兒,請告訴我。 Need he come at once? 他必須馬上回來嗎? (回答要用must, have to, ought to, should等。例如:Need he come at once? Yes, he must/ought to /should/has to. No, he needn’t /doesn’t have to /mustn’t.)needn’t have done表示“本來不必做某事而實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了”。例如: We needn’t have waited for him. 我們本來不必等他的。(實(shí)際上已等他了) 用作實(shí)義動詞時,need可用于肯定句、 否定句和疑問句,是“需要”之意。如: You need to wash your hands. 你需要洗手。 Does he need to take the medicine four times a day? 他需要每日服藥四次嗎? We didn’t need to see him at all. 我們根本不必要看他(實(shí)際上也沒去看他,請比較needn’t have done的用法) need做實(shí)義動詞時,后面的賓語如果是動名詞,用主動形式表示被動意義,如果是不定式的被動形式,來表示被動意義。類似need的這種用法,還有require, want等。例如: The dinning room needs cleaning every day. =The dinning room needs to be cleaned every day. 食堂需要天天打掃。 My shoes need repairing. = My shoes need to be repaired. 我的鞋需要修理。 4、would與 used to 的區(qū)別 .would 可表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。used to表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已不存在。例如: She used to work into the night. 過去她常工作到深夜。(現(xiàn)在不了) She would work into the might. 以前她常工作到深夜。(不表示現(xiàn)在不了) People used to think that the sun went round the earth. 以前人們總認(rèn)為太陽是圍繞地球轉(zhuǎn)的。(現(xiàn)在不這樣認(rèn)為了) I used to smoke quite a lot, but I have given it up. 我過去抽煙很兇,現(xiàn)在戒了。 情態(tài)動詞的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)是:情態(tài)動詞之間的區(qū)別;表示“推測”的表達(dá)方式;以及“情態(tài)動詞+have+過去分詞”的含義。
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