2010年12月英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試必備核心語(yǔ)法(14)

　　(四)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法

　　1、不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。換個(gè)說(shuō)法，有一件事情不知道是誰(shuí)干的或者不想說(shuō)出是誰(shuí)干的，這時(shí)就用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：

　　I felt a littlie nervous when I was being interviewed. 我接受面試的時(shí)候，有點(diǎn)緊張。

　　These fighters are imported from Russia. 這些戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)是從俄國(guó)進(jìn)口的。

　　That place has been turned into a swimming pool. 那個(gè)地方已被變成游泳池。

　　2、說(shuō)話(huà)或發(fā)表意見(jiàn)時(shí)，為了顯得客觀公正，也常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　He’s said/believed/reported to be in the U. S. A. 據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)信/據(jù)報(bào)道他在美國(guó)。

　　還有下列常用句型(that后面跟句子)：

　　It is said that……. 據(jù)說(shuō)

　　It is reported that……. 據(jù)報(bào)道

　　It is hoped that……. 希望

　　It is believed that……. 人們相信

　　It is announced that……. 據(jù)宣布

　　it is (well) known that……. 眾所周知

　　It has been decided that……. 已經(jīng)決定

　　It is supposed that……. 人們認(rèn)為

　　It is suggested that……. 有人建議

　　It must be remembered that……. 務(wù)必記住

　　It is taken for granted that……. 被視為當(dāng)然

　　(五)主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句的注意事項(xiàng)

　　一是時(shí)態(tài)不能改變;二是變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)、數(shù)上保持一致。還要作如下變動(dòng)：把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ);主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)放在by的后面，組成介詞短語(yǔ)，再把這個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。在動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者無(wú)須說(shuō)明或不必要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，by短語(yǔ)可以省略。例如：

　　They will open a new supermarket there soon. 他們很快將在那里開(kāi)辦個(gè)新超市。

　　A new supermarket will be opened there soon. 一個(gè)新超市不久將在那里開(kāi)辦。

　　The doctor gave two lectures in English. 那位醫(yī)生用英語(yǔ)講了兩次課。

　　Two lectures were given by the doctor in English. 由那位醫(yī)生用英語(yǔ)講了兩次課。

　　Somebody has warned us to be careful of rats. 有人警告我們要當(dāng)心老鼠。

　　We have been warned to be careful of rats. 我們受到警告，要當(dāng)心老鼠。

　　如果主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)(直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可將其中任何一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不變。但較常見(jiàn)的是將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。

　　The reporters asked the president some questions. 記者們問(wèn)了總統(tǒng)一些問(wèn)題。

　　The president was asked some questions by the reporters. ( 變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))

　　Some questions were asked the president by the reporters. (變直接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))

　　We have given him a job. 我們已給了他一個(gè)工作。

　　He has been given a job. (變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))

　　A job has been given (to) him. (變直接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))