2010年12月英語四六級考試必備核心語法(14)

　　(四)被動語態(tài)的用法

　　1、不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者。換個說法，有一件事情不知道是誰干的或者不想說出是誰干的，這時就用被動語態(tài)。例如：

　　I felt a littlie nervous when I was being interviewed. 我接受面試的時候，有點緊張。

　　These fighters are imported from Russia. 這些戰(zhàn)斗機是從俄國進口的。

　　That place has been turned into a swimming pool. 那個地方已被變成游泳池。

　　2、說話或發(fā)表意見時，為了顯得客觀公正，也常用被動語態(tài)

　　He’s said/believed/reported to be in the U. S. A. 據說/據信/據報道他在美國。

　　還有下列常用句型(that后面跟句子)：

　　It is said that……. 據說

　　It is reported that……. 據報道

　　It is hoped that……. 希望

　　It is believed that……. 人們相信

　　It is announced that……. 據宣布

　　it is (well) known that……. 眾所周知

　　It has been decided that……. 已經決定

　　It is supposed that……. 人們認為

　　It is suggested that……. 有人建議

　　It must be remembered that……. 務必記住

　　It is taken for granted that……. 被視為當然

　　(五)主動句變被動句的注意事項

　　一是時態(tài)不能改變;二是變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，謂語動詞要和被動語態(tài)的主語在人稱、數上保持一致。還要作如下變動：把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語;主動語態(tài)的主語放在by的后面，組成介詞短語，再把這個介詞短語放在被動語態(tài)的謂語動詞之后。在動作的執(zhí)行者無須說明或不必要強調時，by短語可以省略。例如：

　　They will open a new supermarket there soon. 他們很快將在那里開辦個新超市。

　　A new supermarket will be opened there soon. 一個新超市不久將在那里開辦。

　　The doctor gave two lectures in English. 那位醫(yī)生用英語講了兩次課。

　　Two lectures were given by the doctor in English. 由那位醫(yī)生用英語講了兩次課。

　　Somebody has warned us to be careful of rats. 有人警告我們要當心老鼠。

　　We have been warned to be careful of rats. 我們受到警告，要當心老鼠。

　　如果主動語態(tài)有兩個賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，可將其中任何一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不變。但較常見的是將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。

　　The reporters asked the president some questions. 記者們問了總統(tǒng)一些問題。

　　The president was asked some questions by the reporters. ( 變間接賓語為主語)

　　Some questions were asked the president by the reporters. (變直接賓語為主語)

　　We have given him a job. 我們已給了他一個工作。

　　He has been given a job. (變間接賓語為主語)

　　A job has been given (to) him. (變直接賓語為主語)