2010年12月英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試必備核心語(yǔ)法(15)

　　(六)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞：

　　The timetable can be changed any time. 時(shí)間表隨時(shí)可以改變。

　　This book may not be taken out of the reading room. 這本書(shū)不允許帶出閱覽室。

　　This dictionary must be taken good care of. 這本詞典必須保管好。

　　(七)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞

　　1、不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因?yàn)樗鼈儧](méi)有賓語(yǔ)。

　　2、表示狀態(tài)而不是動(dòng)作的及物動(dòng)詞，如 break out, belong to, cost, deserve, fit, have ( 有、使)，hold (盛下、裝下)，lack, resemble, suit, take part in, take place, want, wish等動(dòng)詞不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：

　　Everybody wanted Doris to be the manager. 大家都想讓多里斯來(lái)當(dāng)經(jīng)理.

　　We like everybody to say what they think. 我們喜歡讓人人都說(shuō)出他們的看法。

　　Do you wish me to stay? 你希望我留下嗎?

　　Will you help me (to) do the work? 你可以幫助我做干活嗎?

　　The war broke out in 1937. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)在1937年。

　　This car belongs to me. 這車是屬于我的。

　　He has a good job. 他有個(gè)好工作。(不說(shuō)A good job is had by him.)

　　They have a large house. 他們有所大房子。

　　I’ll have him come early. 我要讓他早來(lái)。

　　Though I like the dress, it doesn’t fit me. 盡管我喜歡那件連衣裙，但穿著不合適。(不說(shuō)Though the dress is liked by me, I’m not fitted by the dress.)

　　We lack manpower at the moment. 我們現(xiàn)在缺少人手。(不說(shuō)Manpower is lacked by us at the moment.)

　　My computer cost me seven hundred and ninety dollars. 我花了790美元買這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)。

　　She resembles her father. 她像她父親。(不說(shuō)her father is resembled by her.)

　　3、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中有些用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，有些不可以。但沒(méi)有規(guī)律可循，只能個(gè)別掌握：

　　I was very well looked after when I was working there. 我在那里工作的時(shí)候，得到很好的照顧。

　　An overpass is being put up at the corner of the street. 在那條街的拐角處正在建起一個(gè)過(guò)街天橋。

　　Everybody agreed with me. 大家都同意我的意見(jiàn)。(不能說(shuō) I was agreed with by everybody.)

　　I walked into the house. 我走進(jìn)房子。(不能說(shuō)The house was walked into.)

　　I broke into the house. 我破門而入那棟房子。(卻可以說(shuō)The house was broken into by me.)

　　4、反身代詞和each other, one another作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)。例如：

　　They acknowledged themselves to be defeated. 他們承認(rèn)他們自己被擊敗了。

　　She praised herself. 她自我表?yè)P(yáng)。

　　He ruined himself. 他毀了自己。

　　5、下列及物動(dòng)詞有特殊的賓語(yǔ)，也不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

　　The police officer shouted his loudest to stop the car. 警官用最大的聲音喊叫，想叫住那輛車。

　　The famous actress breathed her last. 那位著名的女影星咽氣了。

　　She nodded her approval. 她點(diǎn)頭同意。

　　I smiled my thanks. 我微笑致謝。

　　He wishes to be somebody. 他想成個(gè)人物。

　　He enjoys taking pictures. 他喜歡攝影。

　　Keep silence, please. 請(qǐng)保持安靜。

　　They usually take a walk after supper. 他們通常晚飯后散步。