2010年12月英語四六級考試必備核心語法(15)

　　(六)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)

　　句中含有情態(tài)動詞時，其被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞：

　　The timetable can be changed any time. 時間表隨時可以改變。

　　This book may not be taken out of the reading room. 這本書不允許帶出閱覽室。

　　This dictionary must be taken good care of. 這本詞典必須保管好。

　　(七)不能用于被動語態(tài)的動詞

　　1、不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)，因為它們沒有賓語。

　　2、表示狀態(tài)而不是動作的及物動詞，如 break out, belong to, cost, deserve, fit, have ( 有、使)，hold (盛下、裝下)，lack, resemble, suit, take part in, take place, want, wish等動詞不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。例如：

　　Everybody wanted Doris to be the manager. 大家都想讓多里斯來當(dāng)經(jīng)理.

　　We like everybody to say what they think. 我們喜歡讓人人都說出他們的看法。

　　Do you wish me to stay? 你希望我留下嗎?

　　Will you help me (to) do the work? 你可以幫助我做干活嗎?

　　The war broke out in 1937. 戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)在1937年。

　　This car belongs to me. 這車是屬于我的。

　　He has a good job. 他有個好工作。(不說A good job is had by him.)

　　They have a large house. 他們有所大房子。

　　I’ll have him come early. 我要讓他早來。

　　Though I like the dress, it doesn’t fit me. 盡管我喜歡那件連衣裙，但穿著不合適。(不說Though the dress is liked by me, I’m not fitted by the dress.)

　　We lack manpower at the moment. 我們現(xiàn)在缺少人手。(不說Manpower is lacked by us at the moment.)

　　My computer cost me seven hundred and ninety dollars. 我花了790美元買這臺計算機。

　　She resembles her father. 她像她父親。(不說her father is resembled by her.)

　　3、短語動詞中有些用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，有些不可以。但沒有規(guī)律可循，只能個別掌握：

　　I was very well looked after when I was working there. 我在那里工作的時候，得到很好的照顧。

　　An overpass is being put up at the corner of the street. 在那條街的拐角處正在建起一個過街天橋。

　　Everybody agreed with me. 大家都同意我的意見。(不能說 I was agreed with by everybody.)

　　I walked into the house. 我走進(jìn)房子。(不能說The house was walked into.)

　　I broke into the house. 我破門而入那棟房子。(卻可以說The house was broken into by me.)

　　4、反身代詞和each other, one another作賓語時不能變?yōu)楸粍印＠�如�?/P>

　　They acknowledged themselves to be defeated. 他們承認(rèn)他們自己被擊敗了。

　　She praised herself. 她自我表揚。

　　He ruined himself. 他毀了自己。

　　5、下列及物動詞有特殊的賓語，也不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)：

　　The police officer shouted his loudest to stop the car. 警官用最大的聲音喊叫，想叫住那輛車。

　　The famous actress breathed her last. 那位著名的女影星咽氣了。

　　She nodded her approval. 她點頭同意。

　　I smiled my thanks. 我微笑致謝。

　　He wishes to be somebody. 他想成個人物。

　　He enjoys taking pictures. 他喜歡攝影。

　　Keep silence, please. 請保持安靜。

　　They usually take a walk after supper. 他們通常晚飯后散步。