名師指點(diǎn)：2010年12月六級聽力臨場應(yīng)對及破題技巧

　　六級聽力題目構(gòu)成與比例：

　　小對話： 8% 選擇題 共8段小對話，8道題 ，放音一遍

　　長對話： 7% 選擇題 共2段長對話，7道題，放音一遍

　　短文聽力： 10% 選擇題 共3篇文章，10道題，放音一遍

　　復(fù)合式聽寫：10% 聽寫填空 填8個單詞和3句話，放音三遍

　　聽力位于考試的卷二部分，共占全卷35%。

　　六級聽力選擇題目答題方法點(diǎn)撥：

　　一、基本解題技巧

　　小對話解題技巧之一：視聽反向原則、同義替換原則。

　　視聽反向原則是指，在小對話的題目中，看似明顯被讀到的選項(xiàng)反而更容易是錯的。但須注意，當(dāng)小對話原文本身較長或生僻詞較多時，該原則可能會出現(xiàn)特例，如 03年6月第8題。

　　同義替換是指，若某一選項(xiàng)中的單詞或短語是聽力原文中單詞或短語的同義形式，則該選項(xiàng)容易為正確。

　　例題：

　　2010年6月六級考試第11題
　　A) The man failed to keep his promise.
　　B) The woman has a poor memory.
　　C) The man borrowed the book from the library.
　　D) The woman does not need the book any more.

　　原文：

　　M: Oh, I’m so sorry I forgot to bring along the book you borrowed from the library.
　　W: What a terrible memory you have! Anyway, I won’t need it until Friday night. As long as I can get it by then, OK?
　　Q: What do we learn from this conversation?

　　解析：可以明顯看出，本題的答案為A.其中，另外三項(xiàng)的大部分單詞或短語都被讀到。

　　例題：

　　2010年6月六級考試第13題
　　A) The printing on her T-shirt has faded.
　　B) It is not in fashion to have a logo on a T-shirt.
　　C) She regrets having bought one of the T-shirts.
　　D) It is not a good idea to buy the T-shirt.

　　原文：
　　M: I think I’ll get one of those new T-shirts, you know, with the school’s logo on both the front and back.
　　W: You’ll regret it. They are expensive, and I’ve heard the printing fades easily when you wash them.
　　Q: What does the woman mean?

　　解析：準(zhǔn)確答案D。其中A和C中都有若干單詞被讀中，聽到的慎選。

　　例題：

　　2010年6月六級考試第18題
　　A) The speakers will dress formally for the concert.
　　B) The man will return home before going to the concert.
　　C) It is the first time the speakers are attending a concert.
　　D) The woman is going to buy a new dress for the concert.

　　原文：

　　M: Honey, I’ll be going straight to the theatre from work this evening. Could you bring my suit and tie along?
　　W: Sure, it’s the first performance of the State Symphony Orchestra in our city, so suit and tie is a must.
　　Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

　　解析：準(zhǔn)確答案A。容易錯選C，聽到的慎選。正確答案A 中，dress formally和suit and tie同義替換。

　　小對話解題技巧之二：動作題的處理方式。

　　選項(xiàng)均以動詞原形或to do形式開頭的題目為動作題。放音時，注意抓情態(tài)動詞(如could, should, would, may, can, have to, must等)和建議/請求句型(如Why not do…, Will you do…)，其中包含的主要動作即為該題答案。

　　例題：

　　2010年6月六級考試第15題
　　A) Leave Daisy alone for the time being.
　　B) Go see Daisy immediately.
　　C) Apologize to Daisy again by phone.
　　D) Buy Daisy a new notebook.

　　原文：

　　M: Daisy was furious yesterday because I lost her notebook. Should I go see her and apologize to again?
　　W: Well, if I were you, I’d let her cool off a few days before I approach her.
　　Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?

　　解析：準(zhǔn)確答案A。這是一道動作題，原文中出現(xiàn)建議句型if I were you, I’d…所以答案即是…let her cool off a few days before I approach her的同義替換形式。此題另一難點(diǎn)在于A選項(xiàng)中短語for the time being意思是“目前暫時”。

　　長對話和短文聽力解題技巧：視聽基本一致原則、同義替換原則、特殊詞定位原則

　　視聽基本一致的含義是指，若聽到的原文和看到的選項(xiàng)基本一致，則選項(xiàng)容易為正確。這一點(diǎn)和小對話的原則恰恰相反，請考生一定注意。

　　同義替換原則，同小對話。

　　特殊詞定位原則是指，在原文中特殊詞(如序數(shù)詞1st，極端詞most、most important、only、all等，邏輯連接詞because、since、but、however，以及自問自答的回答部分或直接引語)后面很可能出現(xiàn)正確答案信息。

　　例題：

　　2010年6月六級考試第1道長對話：

　　Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19. 答案D
　　A) He wants to sign a long-term contract.
　　B) He is good at both language and literature.
　　C) He prefers teaching to administrative work.
　　D) He is undecided as to which job to go for.

　　20. 答案C
　　A) They hate exams.
　　B) The all plan to study in Cambridge.
　　C) They are all adults.
　　D) They are going to work in companies.

　　21. 答案B
　　A) Difficult but rewarding.
　　B) Varied and interesting.
　　C) Time-consuming and tiring.
　　D) Demanding and frustrating.

　　原文：

　　Conversation 1

　　M: I got two letters this morning with job offers, one from the Polytechnic, and the other from the Language School in Pistoia, Italy.

　　W: So you are not sure which to go for? (第19題答案，視聽基本一致與同義替換，not sure替換undecided)

　　M: That’s it. Of course, the conditions of work are very different: The Polytechnic is offering two-year contract which could be renewed, but the language school is only offering a year’s contract, and that’s a different minus. It could be renewed, but you never know.

　　W: I see. So it’s much less secure. But you don’t need to think too much about steady jobs when you are only 23.

　　M: That’s true.

　　W: What about the salaries?

　　M: Well, the Pistoia job pays much better in the short term. I’ll be getting the equivalent of about ￡22,000 a year there, but only ￡20,000 at the Polytechnic. But then the hours are different. At the Polytechnic I’d have to do 35 hours a week, 20 teaching and 15 administrations, whereas the Pistoia school is only asking for 30 hours teaching.

　　W: Mmm…

　　M: Then the type of teaching is so different. The Polytechnic is all adults and mostly preparation for exams like the Cambridge certificates. (第20題答案，特殊詞so以及all，結(jié)合同義替換的思想) The Language School wants me to do a bit of exam preparation, but also quite a lot of work in companies and factories, and a couple of children’s classes. Oh, and a bit of literature teaching.

　　W: Well, that sounds much more varied and interesting.(第21題答案，完全的視聽基本一致) And I’d imagine you would be doing quire a lot of teaching outside the school, and moving around quite a bit.

　　M: Yes, whereas with the Polytechnic position, I’d be stuck in the school all day.

　　Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard:

　　Q19. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

　　Q20. What do we learn about the students at the Polytechnic?

　　Q21. What does the woman think of the job at the Language school?

　　例題：

　　2010年6月六級考試第2道長對話：

　　Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　22. 答案C
　　A) Interviewing a moving star.
　　B) Discussing teenage role models.
　　C) Hosting a television show.
　　D) Reviewing a new biography.

　　23. 答案A
　　A) He lost his mother.
　　B) He was unhappy in California.
　　C) He missed his aunt.
　　D) He had to attend school there.

　　24. 答案B
　　A) He delivered public speeches.
　　B) He got seriously into acting.
　　C) He hosted talk shows on TV.
　　D) He played a role in East of Eden.

　　25. 答案B
　　A) He made numerous popular movies.
　　B) He has long been a legendary figure.
　　C) He was best at acting in Hollywood tragedies.
　　D) He was the most successful actor of his time.

　　原文：

　　Conversation 2

　　Good evening and welcome to tonight's edition of Legendary Lives. Our subject this evening is James Dean, actor and hero for the young people of his time. Edward Murray is the author of a new biography of Dean.(第22題答案，場景題，抓代表詞“welcome to +節(jié)目名稱”等，Studio場景從長對話出現(xiàn)至今在該題型內(nèi)已出現(xiàn)三次)

　　W: Good evening, Edward.

　　M: Hello Tina.

　　W: Edward, tell us what you know about Dean's early life.

　　M: He was born in Indiana in 1931, but his parents moved to California when he was five. He wasn't there long though because his mother passed away just four years later(第23題答案，注意邏輯關(guān)系詞though以及because). Jimmy's father sent him back to Indiana after that to live with his aunt.

　　W: So how did he get into acting?

　　M: Well, first he acted in plays at high school, then he went to college in California where he got seriously into acting(第24題答案，視聽基本一致). In 1951 he moved to New York to do more stage acting.

　　W: Then when did his movie career really start?

　　M: 1955. His first starring role was in East of Eden. It was fabulous. Dean became a huge success. But the movie that really made him famous was his second one, Rebel Without a Cause, that was about teenagers who felt like they didn't fit into society.

　　W: So how many more movies did he make?

　　M: Just one more, then he died in that car crash in California in 1955.

　　W: What a tragedy! He only made three movies! So what made him the legend he still is today?(該句及上下文各一句構(gòu)成第25題答案，需要運(yùn)用視聽基本一致并結(jié)合一些概括)

　　M: Well I guess his looks, his acting ability, his short life, and maybe the type of character he played in his movies. Many young people saw him as a symbol of American youths.

　　Q22 What is the woman doing?

　　Q23 Why did James Dean move back to Indiana when he was young?

　　Q24 What does the man say James Dean did at college in California?

　　Q25 What do we know about James Dean from the conversation?

　　例題：

　　2010年6月六級考試第2篇短文聽力：

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　30. 答案C
　　A) Some of them had once experienced an earthquake.
　　B) Most of them lacked interest in the subject.
　　C) Very few of them knew much about geology.
　　D) A couple of them had listened to a similar speech before.

　　31. 答案B
　　A) By reflecting on Americans' previous failures in predicting earthquakes.
　　B) By noting where the most severe earthquake in U. S. history occurred.
　　C) By describing the destructive power of earthquakes.
　　D) By explaining some essential geological principles.

　　32. 答案C
　　A) Interrupt him whenever he detected a mistake.
　　B) Focus on the accuracy of the language he used.
　　C) Stop him when he had difficulty understanding.
　　D) Write down any points where he could improve.

　　原文：

　　Passage 2

　　Juan Louis, a junior geology major, decided to give an informative speech about how earthquakes occur. From his audience and analysis he learned that only 2 or 3 of his classmates knew much of anything about geology(第30題答案，視聽基本一致，定位點(diǎn)為only，anything). Juan realized then that he must present his speech at an elementary level and with a minimum of scientific language. As he prepared the speech, Juan kept asking himself, “How can I make this clear and meaningful to someone who knows nothing about earthquakes or geological principles?” Since he was speaking in the Midwest, he decided to begin by noting that the most severe earthquake in American history took place not in California or Alaska but at New Madrid, Missouri in 1811.(第31題答案，視聽基本一致，定位點(diǎn)since及案例) If such an earthquake happened today, it would be felt from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean and would flatten most of the cities in the Mississippi valley. That, he figured, should get his classmates’ attention. Throughout the body of the speech, Juan dealt only with the basic mechanics of the earthquakes, carefully avoid technical terms. He also prepared visual aids, diagramming photo line, so his classmates wouldn’t get confused. To be absolutely safe, Juan asked his roommate, who was not a geology major, to listen to the speech. “Stop me,” he said, “any time I say something you don’t understand.” Juan’s roommate stopped him four times.(第32題答案，視聽基本一致，定位點(diǎn)為舉例直接引語) And at each spot, Juan worked out a way to make his point more clearly. Finally, he had a speech that was interesting and perfectly understandable to his audience.

　　Questions 30 – 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　Q30 What did Juan Louis learn from the analysis of his audience?

　　Q31 How did Juan Louis start his speech?

　　二、審題及利用選項(xiàng)推知答案

　　1、審題的作用：

　　小對話——看選項(xiàng)，判斷題目類型，推知解題方法。

　　長對話及短文——看選項(xiàng)，推斷問題，方便運(yùn)用視聽基本一致原則且?guī)椭�定位。預(yù)測長對話或短文的主題。

　　2、如何在完全聽不懂的情況下通過選項(xiàng)推知答案：

　　一般的，當(dāng)兩個選項(xiàng)意思相近或談?wù)摰脑掝}相同時，其中一個可能是正確答案;當(dāng)兩個選項(xiàng)通過同義轉(zhuǎn)換使得實(shí)際觀點(diǎn)相同時，兩個選項(xiàng)均不是答案;當(dāng)兩個選項(xiàng)話題相同且意思相反時，其中一個可能是正確答案。

　　例題：

　　2009年6月六級考試第14題
　　14. .A. She can help the man take care of the plants.
　　B. Most plants grow better in direct sunlight.
　　C. The plants need to be watered frequently.
　　D. The plants should be placed in a shady spot.

　　答案：D

　　原文：

　　14. M: The plants next to the window always look brown. You wouldn’t know by looking at them that I water them every week.
　　W: Maybe they don’t like direct sunlight. I had the same problem with some of my plants. And a little shade helps them immensely.
　　Q: What does the woman imply?

　　解析：只看選項(xiàng)，CD選項(xiàng)相近且主語都是The plants，話題相同;BD選項(xiàng)話題相同且意思相反，所以選D 。

　　三、新聞聽力相關(guān)知識

　　2010年6月第一篇短文考察了新聞篇章聽力。接下來簡要介紹新聞聽力相關(guān)知識。

　　決定新聞聽力解題能力的主要是以下三個方面：

　　1、底詞積累

　　所謂“底詞”，是指在新聞英語中作為基礎(chǔ)詞的相關(guān)詞匯，包括常見熟詞的新聞范疇生僻詞義以及專門的新聞用詞。不僅要知道其含義，更要對其發(fā)音十分熟悉。

　　比如，新聞聽力最難的類型莫過于財(cái)政新聞，因?yàn)楹芏嗫忌鷮τ跀?shù)字并不敏感，且對于財(cái)政方面的詞匯積累更是有限，比如“multilateral currency realignment”(跨國貨幣調(diào)整)，不是學(xué)金融方面專業(yè)的同學(xué)恐怕會覺得無從下手。

　　類似這樣的詞匯很多在于日常的積累，這里舉幾個例子供大家參考：

　　畢業(yè)生就業(yè)率 graduate employment rate
　　占有一個較大比例 form/constitute a large proportion
　　貧富分化 polarization between the rich and the poor
　　社會保障體系 social security system
　　危險(xiǎn)被大大遏制了 the risk is largely contained

　　由于新聞詞匯涵蓋面很廣，大家在業(yè)余時間應(yīng)該去留意一下一些國家名、地名、政要名字等;大家同樣也應(yīng)多注意看一下CCTV-9的BizChina等財(cái)經(jīng)節(jié)目以及各英語電視臺的政治新聞，有助于提高財(cái)經(jīng)和政治新聞方面的專業(yè)詞匯量。

　　2、是否熟悉常見新聞結(jié)構(gòu)

　　相對于一般短文，新聞有一些相對固定的比較常見的結(jié)構(gòu)，如倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)(最核心最重要的信息在最前面，之后一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)打開細(xì)節(jié)敘述)。最常考的新聞出題思路就是一個中心加若干細(xì)節(jié)的設(shè)題。把握住常見新聞結(jié)構(gòu)的解題效率遠(yuǎn)高于盲目跟聽。

　　3、是否能夠根據(jù)自己的既有知識框架進(jìn)行有效聯(lián)想

　　幾乎沒有考生可以一次性聽清楚新聞中的每一個單詞，但這往往并不是決定這套新聞題目做的準(zhǔn)確率高低的關(guān)鍵。新聞中具有大量的信息，但并不是所有信息都是有用信息。在進(jìn)行有效的題目預(yù)設(shè)后，無關(guān)信息在聽的過程中應(yīng)該大膽放棄。遇到較難的專業(yè)詞匯時，也不要慌張，通過聯(lián)系上下文及開篇導(dǎo)語句進(jìn)行詞義句義猜測，千萬不要顧此失彼，糾結(jié)在一個詞義上而影響其他內(nèi)容的聽記。有效聯(lián)想的練習(xí)應(yīng)該落實(shí)在平時，要多注意積累，熟悉近期的國際時事，尤其政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、重大科技發(fā)明等方面的事件。

　　新聞聽力解題方案提要：

　　1、聽前預(yù)審題。

　　主要通過選項(xiàng)猜測這篇新聞的主要談?wù)搩?nèi)容是什么。比如通過jump, decline等詞結(jié)合數(shù)字猜知這是財(cái)經(jīng)新聞，通過casualty, deaths等詞猜知該新聞很可能會談到一個事故和傷亡人數(shù)，通過政要的名字猜知可能會談及政治時事等。審題同樣可以結(jié)合高頻詞匯、是否主語相同需看謂語、是否出現(xiàn)極端詞、時態(tài)提示點(diǎn)等幾個通用審題要點(diǎn)。

　　2、聽時抓首句。

　　最常見的倒金字塔新聞格式?jīng)Q定了最�？嫉男侣劤鲱}思路就是一個中心加若干細(xì)節(jié)的設(shè)題。所以，首句群作為全文的開始，通常是重要信息點(diǎn)的羅列，必須要認(rèn)真聽。

　　3、不忘記筆記。

　　除了抓住首句群，新聞聽力同樣要求大家能夠時時做筆記，建議結(jié)合新聞結(jié)構(gòu)，用分類流程圖的方式快速記錄新聞的要點(diǎn)。注意要按邏輯順序記錄，不要只記下無關(guān)堆砌的一堆詞。此外，考生平時應(yīng)該注意培養(yǎng)速記的習(xí)慣。

　　4、聯(lián)想加回憶。

　　很多考生如果平時做到關(guān)心時事，那么真的在考試中遇到熟悉事情的新聞篇章也不足為奇。新聞本身就是對時事的記錄，所以有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為新聞聽力有道理可循有范圍可押題，這在一定程度上是講得通的。建議大家可以多登錄比如yahoo英語新聞和CRI、CCTV-9等英語新聞媒體，做好日常積累，在考試的時候進(jìn)行有效的聯(lián)想和回憶，拿高分則勝算在手。

　　附：7個2010年6月六級考試聽力題目中出現(xiàn)的重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語

　　1) As long as “只要”

　　見11題Anyway, I won’t need it until Friday night. As long as I can get it by then, OK?

　　2) If I were you, I would do… 表建議“如果我是你，我會…”

　　見15題Well, if I were you, I’d let her cool off a few days before I approach her.

　　3) fatigue “疲憊，疲勞”

　　單詞難度較大，見12題B) Fatigue is a typical symptom of lack of exercise.

　　4) equivalent “等價物;等值的”

　　單詞高頻且難度大，見2010年6月長對話原文部分I’ll be getting the equivalent of about ￡22,000 a year there…

　　5) at the scene “在現(xiàn)場”

　　見2010年6月第一篇短文新聞Rescue workers were at the scene.

　　6) deal with “處理，應(yīng)對”相當(dāng)于cope with和handle, tackle

　　見2010年6月第二篇短文原文Throughout the body of the speech, Juan dealt only with the basic mechanics of the earthquakes, carefully avoid technical terms.

　　7) psychological “心理學(xué)的”多次在短文及復(fù)合式聽寫原文出現(xiàn)。

　　見2010年6月復(fù)合式聽寫and their mental and psychological development is severely hindered by lack of language…

　　8) be linked to 與…有聯(lián)系

　　見2010年6月復(fù)合式聽寫原文whereas social isolation is linked to stress, disease, and early death.

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