六級(jí)寫作當(dāng)中，適當(dāng)使用(其實(shí)一篇文章有那么一句，足矣，考試當(dāng)中字?jǐn)?shù)有限制)排比句，也就是我們常常說(shuō)的平行結(jié)構(gòu) parallelism�？梢允刮恼略跎簧伲绹�(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬一向以演講和講稿的eloquence 著稱。以下，列舉奧巴馬講稿中的parallelism 予以彰示。
對(duì)小奧當(dāng)選后的獲勝講演，更多人關(guān)注的是講演內(nèi)容，而我對(duì)其文章結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用更感興趣，特別是其中的排比句。排比結(jié)構(gòu)(parallelism)是英語(yǔ)演講中最常使用的一種重要修辭手段,它以語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱(包括相同或相似的詞、短語(yǔ)或分詞)來(lái)突出意義的常見修辭手法。運(yùn)用排比結(jié)構(gòu)能突出演講者的雄辯口才和強(qiáng)烈情感,使得演講文稿極具說(shuō)服力、震撼力和欣賞性。小奧顯然是這方面的高手。
1.用在從句開頭(這是講演的第一段):
If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.
(注意其中用了三個(gè)不一樣的動(dòng)詞)
2.用在段首:
It's the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen; by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the first time in their lives, because they believed that this time must be different; that their voices could be that difference.
It's the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled - Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals, or a collection of Red States and Blue States: we are, and always will be, the United States of America.
It's the answer that led those who have been told for so long by so many to be cynical, and fearful, and doubtful of what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.
3.用在謂語(yǔ)中:
Even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave Americans waking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us. There are mothers and fathers who will lie awake after their children fall asleep and wonder how they'll make the mortgage, or pay their doctor's bills, or save enough for college. There is new energy to harness and new jobs to be created; new schools to build and threats to meet and alliances to repair.
4.用在介詞短語(yǔ)中:
And to all those watching tonight from beyond our shores, from parliaments and palaces to those who are huddled around radios in the forgotten corners of our world - our stories are singular, but our destiny is shared, and a new dawn of American leadership is at hand. To those who would tear this world down - we will defeat you. To those who seek peace and security - we support you. And to all those who have wondered if America's beacon still burns as bright - tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from our the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of our ideals: democracy, liberty, opportunity, and unyielding hope.
5.用在段末:
And tonight, I think about all that she's seen throughout her century in America - the heartache and the hope; the struggle and the progress; the times we were told that we can't, and the people who pressed on with that American creed: Yes we can.
At a time when women's voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed, she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot. Yes we can.
When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land, she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a New Deal, new jobs and a new sense of common purpose. Yes we can.
When the bombs fell on our harbor and tyranny threatened the world, she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved. Yes we can.
She was there for the buses in Montgomery, the hoses in Birmingham, a bridge in Selma, and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that 'We Shall Overcome.' Yes we can.
A man touched down on the moon, a wall came down in Berlin, a world was connected by our own science and imagination. And this year, in this election, she touched her finger to a screen, and cast her vote, because after 106 years in America, through the best of times and the darkest of hours, she knows how America can change. Yes we can.
小奧的講演的最后，用一系列的 Yes we can 煽動(dòng)臺(tái)下聽眾的熱情，眾人一起高喊：Yes we can! Yes we can! 場(chǎng)面相當(dāng)熱烈。
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