3、多個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用
簡(jiǎn)單句之所以簡(jiǎn)單是因?yàn)槌煞謫我槐阌谧x者理解。而四級(jí)閱讀理解中,出題人為增加閱讀難度,就會(huì)把幾個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中。但是無(wú)論局勢(shì)如何變化,英語(yǔ)句子本身就猶如一棵大樹(shù),只能有一個(gè)主干起支撐作用,其他起輔助作用。
解決方法:遇到多個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用情況要分清主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。剔除細(xì)枝末節(jié)之后,句子也就好理解了。例如:
Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spellmisery,but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu(流感) maymake adifference in how long the misery lasts. (2005.1)
解析:
此句是由but引導(dǎo)的并列句。前面一句話容易理解,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是spell,關(guān)鍵看后一句話。but引導(dǎo)的句子黑體下劃線是主語(yǔ),該句子真正謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是maymake,如下面所示:
but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu(流感) may make a difference inhowlong the misery lasts.
翻譯:
喉嚨發(fā)癢、鼻塞、渾身酸痛都令人痛苦,但是能夠確定造成這種痛苦的根源是普通感冒還是流感,對(duì)這種痛苦能折磨你多就會(huì)起關(guān)鍵作用。
4、舉例作為插入語(yǔ)(顯著詞such as; for example; including etc.)
插入語(yǔ)主要起補(bǔ)充或說(shuō)明的作用,我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行快速閱讀的時(shí)候通常會(huì)把它省略,即忽略不看。但是,筆者在這里要提出的一點(diǎn)是,如果根據(jù)文章問(wèn)題回原文定位句子時(shí),如果定位的關(guān)鍵句子包含了以上插入語(yǔ)中的任何一種形式,則答案往往就在此處。例如:
原文:Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.
考題: Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of
A. instrumental support B. informational support
C. social companionship D. the strengthening of self-respect
(1) Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. (2005.1)
翻譯:普通感冒患者的一些典型癥狀,如鼻塞、流鼻涕、喉嚨發(fā)癢,發(fā)作比較緩慢,成人和青少年患者一般不會(huì)有發(fā)熱癥狀。
(2)And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. (2005.1)
翻譯:一般來(lái)說(shuō),流感癥狀包括發(fā)燒、發(fā)冷、喉嚨發(fā)癢、渾身疼痛,比普通感冒的癥狀來(lái)得突然和猛烈。
☆注意:舉例有時(shí)可以換成短語(yǔ),如介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)等等;還可以換成有兩個(gè)破折號(hào)引起的插入語(yǔ)成分。例如:
It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and jounals and to producing video materials on ASL and deaf culture—is having lunch at a café near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution.(2004.6)
時(shí)間過(guò)了37年。現(xiàn)在Stoloe致力于撰寫(xiě)和編輯關(guān)于美國(guó)手語(yǔ)和聾啞人文化的書(shū)籍和雜志,以及制作相關(guān)的錄像材料!
5、并列句連用使得句子變長(zhǎng)(主謂賓都可以并列)
并列句是四級(jí)閱讀理解中的主要句式。出題人會(huì)把幾個(gè)成分相同的并列句子,通過(guò)剔除多余成分從而使其合并為一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的句子。
解決方法:破解這樣句子的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚兩個(gè)句子的邏輯關(guān)系,補(bǔ)全成分后重新還原為幾個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子即可。例如:
To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines. (2004.6)
翻譯:對(duì)政府來(lái)說(shuō),更糟糕的是,不久得知的消息是,王妃的安哥拉之行得到過(guò)外事辦的批準(zhǔn),并且她事實(shí)上非常了解安哥拉的形勢(shì)和英國(guó)政府關(guān)于地雷的政策。
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