考研前30天成功試卷(英語)試卷一及答案解析

Section ⅠUse of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

　　Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 1 should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, 2 , most people make several job choices during their working lives, 3 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve 4 position. The “one perfect job” does not exist. Young people should 5 enter into a broad flexible training program that will 6 them for a field of work rather than for a single 7 .

　　Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 8 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 9 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 10 . Some drift from job to job. Others 11 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for 12 real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students—or their parents for them—choose the professional field, 13 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 14 . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “white�瞔ollar” job is 15 good reason for choosing it as life’s work. 16 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the 17 of young people should give serious 18 to these fields.
Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 19 life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security, others are willing to take 20 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.

1. A. identification B. entertainment C. accommodation D. occupation

2. A. however B. therefore C. though D. thereby

3. A. entirely B. mainly C. partly D. his

4. A. its B. his C. our D. their

5. A. since B. therefore C. furthermore D. forever

6. A. make B. fit C. take D. leave

7. A. job B. way C. means D. company

8. A. to B. for C. without D. with

9. A. little B. few C. much D. a lot

10. A. chance B. basis C. purpose D. opportunity

11. A. apply B. appeal C. stick D. turn

12. A. our B. its C. your D. their

13. A. concerning B. following C. considering D. disregarding

14. A. preference B. requirements C. tendencies D. ambitions

15. A. a B. any C. no D. the

16. A. Therefore B. However C. Nevertheless D. Moreover

17. A. majority B. mass C. minority D. multitude

18. A. proposal B. suggestion C. consideration D. appraisal

19. A. towards B. against C. out of D. without

20. A. turns B. parts C. choices D. risks

Section ⅡReading Comprehension

Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

Text 1

　　For all his vaunted talents, Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan has never had much of a reputation as an economic forecaster. In fact, he shies away from making the precise-to-the-decimal-point predictions that many other economists thrive on. Instead, he owes his success as a monetary policymaker to his ability to sniff out threats to the economy and manipulate interest rates to dampen the dangers he perceives.

　　Now, those instincts are being put to the test. Many Fed watchers—and some policymakers inside the central bank itself—are beginning to wonder whether Greenspan has lost his touch. Despite rising risks to the economy from a swooning stock market and soaring oil prices that could hamper growth, the Greenspan-led Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) opted to leave interest rates unchanged on Sept.24. But in a rare dissent, two of the Fed’s 12 policymakers broke ranks and voted for a cut in rates—Dallas Fed President Robert D. McTeer Jr. and central bank Governor Edward M.Gramlich.

　　The move by McTeer, the Fed’s self-styled “Lonesome Dove”, was no surprise. But Gramlich’s was. This was the first time that the monetary moderate had voted against the chairman since joining the Fed’s board in 1997. And it was the first public dissent by a governor since 1995.

　　Despite the split vote, it’s too soon to count the maestro of monetary policy out. Greenspan had good reasons for not cutting interest rates now. And by acknowledging in the statement issued after the meeting that the economy does indeed face risks, Greenspan left the door wide open to a rate reduction in the future. Indeed, former Fed Governor Lyle Gramley thinks chances are good that the central bank might even cut rates before its next scheduled meeting on Nov.6, the day after congressional elections.

　　So why didn’t the traditionally risk-averse Greenspan cut rates now as insurance against the dangers dogging growth? For one thing, he still thinks the economy is in recovery mode. Consumer demand remains buoyant and has even been turbocharged recently by a new wave of mortgage refinancing. Economists reckon that homeowners will extract some $100 billion in cash from their houses in the second half of this year. And despite all the corporate gloom, business spending has shown signs of picking up, though not anywhere near as strongly as the Fed would like.

　　Does that mean that further rate cuts are off the table? Hardly. Watch for Greenspan to try to time any rate reductions to when they’ll have the most psychological pop on business and investor confidence. That’s surely no easy feat, but it’s one that Greenspan has shown himself capable of more than once in the past. Don’t be surprised if he surprises everyone again.

21. Alan Greenspan owes his reputation much to .
A. his successful predictions of economy
B. his timely handling of interest rates
C. his unusual economic policies
D. his unique sense of dangers

22. It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. instincts most often misguide the monetary policies
B. Greenspan has lost his control of the central bank
C. consensus is often the case among Fed’s policymakers
D. Greenspan wouldn�餿 tolerate such a dissent

23. Gramley’s remarks are mentioned to indicate that .
A. Greenspan didn�餿 rule out the possibility of a future rate reduction
B. Greenspan’s monetary policy may turn out to be a failure
C. Greenspan’s refusal to cut rates now was justified
D. Greenspan will definitely cut the rates before Nov.6

24. From the fifth paragraph, we can learn that .
A. economy is now well on its way to recovery
B. economists are uncertain about consumer demand
C. corporate performance is generally not encouraging
D. businesses have been investing the way the Fed hoped

25. The author seems to regard Greenspan’s manipulation of interest rates with .
A. disapproval B. doubt C. approval D. admiration

Text 2

　　 The U.S. may so far have enjoyed good luck in escaping a direct SARS hit, but officials aren’t leaving anything to chance. The best hope for averting a SARS epidemic at home will be to keep SARS out at the nation’s borders.
Federal immigration laws authorize immigration authorities to exclude non-citizens who are determined to have a “communicable disease of public health significance”. Immigration law also authorizes the President by proclamation to suspend the entry of any group of aliens whose entry he deems to be detrimental to the interests of the United States. This little-used power could be deployed to exclude all aliens from affected areas, a policy Taiwan has recently implemented.

　　Under the Public Health Service Act, any individual (citizens included) may be quarantined at an international port of entry if they are reasonably believed to be carrying a designated communicable disease. As of an April 4 Executive Order by President Bush, SARS is now a designated disease.

　　Thus, in tandem with airline screening, federal health authorities are carefully monitoring travelers from affected areas in Asia for SARS symptoms. With an estimated 25,000 individuals entering the country legally from Asia on a daily basis, that is a tall order. A single SARS- infected person getting through the net could bring down the border strategy.
The U.S. government might also front�瞖nd the border strategy through restrictions on travel by American citizens to affected areas. In a series of Cold War era decisions, the Supreme Court upheld international travel restrictions for national security reasons, and one can imagine the same rationale applying to a public health emergency. How practical it would be to prohibit—and police—a travel ban to countries such as China is another question.

The initial SARS defense, then, hinges on effective border control. But U.S. borders are far from under control. There are an estimated 8～9 million undocumented aliens now in the United States, a figure growing by as many as 500,000 per year. Asia is the largest contributor to undocumented immigration outside the western hemisphere, funneling illegal aliens into the United States through elaborate smuggling networks. SARS could just as easily make serious inroads into the U.S. through this backdoor rather than the front.

26. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that .
A. American officials don�餿 see any chance of escaping an immediate SARS hit
B. non�瞔itizens with a disease will be quarantined at the international airport
C. foreigners with a communicable disease may legally be denied entry into the U.S.
D. immigration officers are empowered to keep aliens out of the U.S.

27. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
A. The President rarely declares a rejection of non�瞔itizens from infected areas.
B. The U.S. is the only lucky country to have kept safe from a SARS attack.
C. The interests of the U.S. are given more legal protection than public health.
D. The Public Health Service Act has been brought into effect since April 4.

28. The phrase “a tall order” most probably means .
A. an ambitious plan B. a difficult task
C. a careful arrangement D. an illegal decision

29. The author would probably agree that .
A. a SARS hit could be escaped by means of strict monitoring of international travel
B. undocumented immigrants poses a serious threat to national security of U.S.
C. illegal aliens come into the U.S. with the help of complicated smuggling networks
D. American border strategy may fail to attain its goal of avoiding a SARS epidemic

30. The passage is primarily concerned with .
A. the threat of SARS to the national security of U.S.
B. the U.S. border strategy against SARS
C. the problems in U.S. national security
D. the crisis of a public health emergency

Text 3

　　As the American West enters its fifth year of drought—the longest stretch in 108 years—the region’s cities are instituting sweeping water-usage restrictions and conservation programs. In Aurora, Colo., where the reservoir system is at just 26% capacity and is expected to reach only half of normal levels by summer, planting new trees and shrubs is prohibited, and privately owned pools may not be filled.

　　In the thirsty, growing cities of Southern California, however, simple conservation simply won’t do the trick. This region imports more than 80% of its water from neighboring states. And even though it jealously guards those arrangements, they won’t be enough to compensate for the rapid growth that lies just ahead: San Diego County’s population alone is projected to rise about 29% by 2020, from 2.84 million to 3.67 million.

　　Drastic times call for drastic measures, so state water agencies are turning to desalination, a technology that makes ocean and brackish water drinkable by stripping it of salt and other minerals. California has plans in various stages to build 13 desalination plants along its coastline. The projects will cost billions, but planners say they’ll provide a far more reliable supply for California residents than waiting for Mother Nature to adjust her weather patterns.

　　Since just 3% of water on earth is fresh, this is a step that would have to be taken anyway as the global population grows. “Desalination will create a drought-proof supply of water,” says Bob Yamada, the San Diego Water Authority’s seawater-desalination program manager. He adds that 20 years from now, 10% to 20% of the state’s water could come from the ocean. The American Water Works Assn., a Denver�瞓ased nonprofit dedicated to improving drinking�瞱ater quality and supply, predicts that the market for desalination plants and equipment, now just $2 billion, will grow to more than $70 billion over the next two decades.

　　Environmentalists embrace desalination. Studies show that pumping the cooling water and concentrate back into the ocean raises its salinity by less than 1%, which is equivalent to the natural rise and fall. Barry Nelson, a senior policy analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council, says he became a proponent of desalination when a June, 1999, California report demonstrated that it was cheaper than building new dams, which often have a huge environmental impact.
Nelson still worries about energy consumption and coastal disruption. But he adds that “desalination is no longer on the lunatic fringe. It has entered the mainstream. That means we look at desalt projects on a case-by-case basis, as we would any other legitimate water policy.”

　　As the technology continues to improve, experts say it’ll fast become a solution not only for municipalities but for hotels and resorts, corporations, and, someday, homeowners. Privately held water-treatment outfit Matrix Water, based in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., is installing a desalination plant that will process 800,000 gallons of water per day for the new Emerald Bay Four Seasons Resort in the Bahamas. And the new U.S. Homeland Security Dept. is investigating ways of using reverse osmosis to protect the nation’s water supply from bioterrorism.

31. Water conservation programs alone won�餿 solve the problem in Southern California because .
A. it is confronting an unprecedented drought in 108 years
B. private citizens are consuming a lot more water than before
C. it imports a large proportion of its water from other states
D. population in the cities of this area is always growing fast

32. The third paragraph is written to .
A. discuss the cause of the decline of water supply
B. introduce a solution to the issue of water shortage
C. explain the way in which desalination develops
D. exemplify the different ways to solve the problem

33. Barry Nelson became a supporter of desalination owing to its .
A. universal support among environmentalists
B. contribution to natural resources
C. low cost and little damage to environment
D. advantage to natural defense

34. Nelson’s attitude towards desalination programs can best be described as one of .
A. qualified approval B. unreserved support
C. slight indifference D. absolute pessimism
35. The expression “reverse osmosis” most probably refers to .
A. costal disruption B. technology
C. anti�瞭errorism policies D. desalination

Text 4

　　We can learn a good deal about the nature of business by comparing it with poker. While both have a large element of chance, in the long run the winner is the man who plays with steady skill. In both games ultimate victory requires intimate knowledge of the rules, insight into the psychology of the other players, self-confidence, a considerable amount of self-discipline, and the ability to respond swiftly and effectively to opportunities provided by chance.

　　No one expects poker to be played on the ethical principles preached in churches. Poker has its special ethics, and here I am not referring to rules against cheating. The man who keeps an ace up his sleeve or who marks the cards is more than unethical; he is a crook, and can be punished as such—kicked out of the game or, in the Old West, shot.

　　In contrast to the cheat, the unethical poker player is one who, while abiding by the letter of the rules, finds ways to put the other players at an unfair disadvantage. Perhaps he bothers them with loud talk. Or he tries to get them drunk. Ethical poker players frown on such tactics.

　　Poker’s own brand of ethics is different from the ethical ideals of civilized human relationships. The game calls for distrust of the other fellow. It ignores the claim of friendship. Cunning deception and concealment of one’s strength and intentions, not kindness and openheartedness, are vital in poker. No one thinks any the worse of poker on that account. And no one should think any the worse of the game of business because its standards of right and wrong differ from the prevailing traditions of morality in our society. That most businessmen are not indifferent to ethics in their private lives, everyone will agree. My point is that in their office lives they cease to be private citizens; they become game players who must be guided by a somewhat different set of ethical standards.

　　The point was forcefully made to me by a Midwestern executive who has given a good deal of thought to the question: “So long as a businessman complies with the laws of the land and avoids telling harmful lies, he is ethical. If the law as written gives a man wide-open chance to make a killing, he would be a fool not to take advantage of it. If he doesn’t, somebody else will. There is no obligation on him to stop and consider who is going to get hurt. If the law says he can do it, that’s all the justification he needs. There is nothing unethical about that. It’s just plain business sense.”
I think it is fair to sum up the prevailing attitude of businessmen on ethics as follows:

　　We live in what is probably the most competitive of the world’s civilized societies. Our customs encourage a high degree of aggression in the individual’s striving for success. Business is our main area of competition, and it has been made into a game of strategy. The basic rules of the game have been set by the government, which attempts to detect and punish business frauds. But as long as a company does not break the rules of the game set by law, it has the legal right to shape its strategy without reference to anything but its profits. Decisions in this area are, finally, decisions of strategy, not of ethics.

36. According to the author, one of the common features of poker winners is .
A. a quick response to chances B. extensive knowledge of games
C. familiarity with the other players D. chancy response strategies

37. In terms of poker’s ethics, the author believes that .
A. a player who keeps an ace up his sleeve violates poker’s ethics
B. it is unethical for a player not to annoy the other players with noise
C. a player who doesn’t observe poker’s special ethics can be punished
D. poker has its own type of ethics different than those of social morality

38. The fifth paragraph implies that .
A. nothing should prevent a businessman from making big money legally
B. every businessman should give considerable thought to business ethics
C. law grants businessmen the right to hurt others when necessary
D. business sense simply approves anything unethical

39. It can be concluded from the passage that .
A. companies may neglect laws when making their strategies
B. deceptions in business might be thought of as reasonable strategies
C. laws are especially tolerant of businessmen and their actions
D. business ethics can be applied to solve moral problems in society

40. The game ethics as described in the passage might apply to which of the following?
A. Medicine. B. Sports. C. Diplomacy. D. Finance.

Part B

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

　　A young man left hometown 22 years ago, and turned out to be a poor correspondent. After a while his letters dried up, and for six years the family had hear nothing from him. Then his sister entered his name in the Google search engine on the Web and, as she says, “There he was on a bowling league in Brazil!” Now they’re exchanging catch�瞮p letters and photos.

　　Who knew Brazilian bowling leagues had Web sites? Google knew, because Google knows everything, or nearly.
41) .

　　Google started in 1998, when two 26-year-olds, Sergei Brin and Larry Page, set up shop in a tiny office. Today they operate out of a building in Mountain View, Calif., and regional offices all over the world. Google has become the best and most successful search engine.

　　If you need a map of a region, Google will oblige. If you rip the rotator cuff in your shoulder, Google finds drawings that show you how it works. 42) .

　　An epidemiologist or social psychologist studying reactions to a phenomenon like the West Nile virus might well come here often, to learn what people are saying about it.

　　43) . A story gets on if enough newspapers run it and give it prominence. Every minute, the computers update the page and compile related stories while dropping others. No human editors decide what’s to be emphasized. It sounds ridiculous, but it’s not bad at all.

　　However Google is boastful. It can’t keep itself from telling you how inconceivably fast it is. Ask it for information on Chinese archaeology and it compiles 29,400 links, adding: “search took 0-14 seconds.”

　　44) . It needs help distinguishing between Francis Bacon, the 20th-century painter, and Francis Bacon, the 17th-century philosopher. Sometimes Google looks a little foolish.

　　45) . A woman wrote to Randy Cohen, the New York Times ethicist, about a friend who had gone out with a doctor and then Googled him when she got home, discovering that he had been involved in several malpractice suits. Cohen was asked whether this was a decent thing to do. He said it was and that he had done it himself. The woman’s Googling, Gohen said, was benign, just like asking her friends about this fellow.

　　Tired or Google? I’m afraid those who are tired of Google are tired of life.

　　A. The name comes from “googol,” the mathematical term for a 1 followed by 100 zeros. This means, “a hell of a lot more than there is in the universe.” The Google people chose it because they want to organize all the data on the Web.

　　B. This section also provides a rich field for ego�瞫urfing, or entering your own name to find out what is said about you. Some consider ego-surfing neurotic, and anyone who does it every day probably suffers from an identity problem.

　　　　C. Another problem is that identical names baffle Google.

　　D. The other day, unable to resist, I found that I’ve been mentioned about 500 times in the various chat rooms that Google monitors. This provided half an hour of innocent pleasure.

　　E. Now that the verb “to Google” is embedded in the language, Googling has turned out to be, for some, a moral problem.

　　F. Should you wish to remember an Alex Colville painting, you may well find it among the 181 Colville images available. If you want to recall Churchill’s photo, Banff, or Cary Grant, Google will show them to you, usually in dozens of versions.

G. Google’s news report links to 4,500 news sources around the world. On the screen it looks rather like a newspaper page, with pictures and headings, but it changes constantly as newspapers and broadcasters change what they put on the Web.

Part C

Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

　　Traditionally, the woman has held a low position in marriage partnerships. While her husband went his way she had to wash, stitch and sew. Today the move is to liberate the woman, which may in the end strengthen the marriage union.
Perhaps the greatest obstacle to friendship in marriage is the amount a couple usually see of each other. Friendship in its usual sense is not tested by the strain of daily, year�瞝ong cohabitation. 46) Couples need to take up separate interests (and friendship) as well as mutually shared ones, if they are not to get used to the more attractive elements of each other’s personalities.

　　47) Married couples are likely to exert themselves for guests—being amusing, discussing with passion and point—and then to fall into dull exhausted silence when the guests have gone.

　　As in all friendship, a husband and wife must try to interest each other, and to spend sufficient time sharing absorbing activities to give them continuing common interests. 48) But at the same time they must spend enough time on separate interests with separate people to preserve and develop their separate personalities and keep their relationship fresh.

　　49) For too many highly intelligent working women, home represents chore obligations, because the husband only tolerates her work and does not participate in household chores. For too many highly intelligent working men, home represents dullness and complaints—from an over�瞕ependent wife who will not gather courage to make their own life.

　　In such an atmosphere, the partners grow further and further apart, both love and liking disappearing. 50) For too many couples with children, the children are allowed to command all time and attention, allowing the couple no time to develop liking and friendship, as well as love, allotting exclusive parental roles.
Section ⅢWriting

Part A

51. Directions:

Your son kicked his ball through your neighbor’s window. Write a letter to tell your neighbor

1) your regret at hearing the news,

2) your intention to compensate for the damage,

3) your apology.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points )

Part B

52. Directions:

A. Title: “More haste, less speed.” (欲速則不達(dá))

B. Word Limit: about 160~200 words

C. Your essay must be written neatly on Answer Sheet 2.

D. Your essay must be based on the following situation:

People generally agree with the saying, yet not everyone observes it in his practice. Make a brief description of people’s practice and state your views with regard to the saying.

Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Text1譯文

美聯(lián)儲主席格林斯潘才智卓越，然而他并不是經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測大師。實(shí)際上，他并不喜歡進(jìn)行精確的經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測，而不少其他經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家卻借此發(fā)跡。相反，作為一個貨幣政策制定者，格林斯潘的成功是由于他能夠嗅出經(jīng)濟(jì)所面臨的威脅，從而調(diào)控利率，消除他所感受到的危險。
現(xiàn)在，這些才能正經(jīng)受著考驗(yàn)。許多美聯(lián)儲的觀察家——包括中央銀行內(nèi)部的一些政策指定者——都琢磨著格林斯潘是不是已才思不再。盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨著諸多危險，證券低迷，油價飆升，經(jīng)濟(jì)遭阻，但在9月24日，格林斯潘所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的FOMC卻決定維持利率不變。然而出現(xiàn)了罕見的分歧，美聯(lián)儲的12位立法者中有兩人打破慣例，主張降低利率——美聯(lián)儲駐達(dá)拉斯總裁Robert D.McTeer Jr.及中央銀行總裁Edward M.Gramlich。

美聯(lián)儲內(nèi)部自稱“孤獨(dú)的鴿子”的Mc Teer的這一舉動不令人吃驚，而Gramlich的舉動令人費(fèi)解，作為一個貨幣溫和派，這是他自1997年加入美聯(lián)儲委員會以來第一次投票反對主席，這也是自1995年以來中行總裁第一次公開表示自己的不同觀點(diǎn)。

盡管出現(xiàn)了投票分歧，現(xiàn)在就認(rèn)為貨幣大師輸了還為時過早，格林斯潘是有充分理由不立即降息的。在會后發(fā)表的申明中，格林斯潘承認(rèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)有危險，這就說明他并沒有將未來降息的可能全部封死。事實(shí)上，前美聯(lián)儲主席Lyle Gramley就認(rèn)為，11月6日， 即國會選舉日后一天，中央銀行在下次例行會議上會宣布降息。

那么，為什么傳統(tǒng)上反對風(fēng)險的格林斯潘這次卻不再降息，從而防止緊隨經(jīng)濟(jì)增長而出現(xiàn)的危險呢？首先，他仍然認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)處于復(fù)蘇之中，消費(fèi)需求強(qiáng)勁，并隨新一波的抵押投資而進(jìn)一步加碼。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為，在今年的后半年，地產(chǎn)擁有者能從房產(chǎn)中獲得一千億美元的收入。盡管整體經(jīng)濟(jì)灰暗，但商業(yè)投資已有回升的跡象，雖然不如美聯(lián)儲所希望的那么強(qiáng)勁。

這是否意味著進(jìn)一步的降低利率不再可能？不。注意格林斯潘，他總是選擇對經(jīng)濟(jì)和投資者信心影響最大的時刻宣布降低利率。這絕非易事，而格林斯潘已不止一次做到了這一點(diǎn)，如果他再有驚人之舉，大家不應(yīng)吃驚。

21. 【答案】 B
【解析】 這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)首段末句可知，Greenspan總能借助利率的調(diào)整消除他所感覺到的對經(jīng)濟(jì)的威脅，即能在威脅出現(xiàn)之前“及時的”行動。故B為正確答案。

22．【答案】 C
【解析】 這是一道推論題。根據(jù)第二段末句 “ in a rare dissent...”可知，美聯(lián)儲的決策者們多數(shù)情況下是意見一致的。故C為正確項(xiàng)。

23．【答案】 A
【解析】 這是一道例證題。在第四段末尾，作者引用Gramley的評述無非是證明其前面的觀點(diǎn)：Greenspan并沒有將降息的可能完全排除。故A為正確答案，“rule out”意為“排除”。

24．【答案】 C
【解析】 這是一道簡單推論題。根據(jù)第五段末句“盡管整體經(jīng)濟(jì)很是陰暗……”，可以認(rèn)定，C項(xiàng)應(yīng)是正確答案。

25．【答案】 D
【解析】 這是一道態(tài)度題。根據(jù)全文，尤其末段的描述，可見作者對Greenspan的利率操作非常欽佩，故D為正確答案。C項(xiàng)語氣不夠。

Text2譯文

迄今為止，美國非常幸運(yùn)，沒有遭到“非典”的直接襲擊，但官員們也沒有掉以輕心，在美國國內(nèi)預(yù)防“非典”流行的最佳策略是拒之于國境之外。

按照聯(lián)邦移民法，移民署有權(quán)拒絕讓那些患有“危及美國公眾健康的傳染性疾病”的外國人進(jìn)入美國；移民法也賦予美國總統(tǒng)權(quán)力，對有損美國利益的外國團(tuán)體實(shí)施禁入，這種難得使用的權(quán)力可用來阻止來自于病災(zāi)區(qū)的外國人，臺灣人最近這么做了。

根據(jù)公共衛(wèi)生法，只要被確信患有特定的傳染性疾病，任何人（包括公民）均可在國際入港處被隔離。4月4日，總統(tǒng)布什簽署行政命令，“非典”屬于特定疾病。

因此，與航空部門的檢查相一致，聯(lián)邦衛(wèi)生部門正仔細(xì)審查來自亞洲重災(zāi)區(qū)的游客。據(jù)估計，每天自亞洲合法進(jìn)入美國的人員達(dá)25，000，以上這一點(diǎn)將很難做到。只要一名“非典”患者進(jìn)入，邊境策略便全線崩潰。

美國政府可能限定美國公民前往病災(zāi)區(qū)，從而加強(qiáng)邊境策略。在冷戰(zhàn)時期的許多決策中，出于國家安全利益，最高法院曾支持實(shí)施國際旅行限定措施，可以想象，同樣原則也適用于公共健康緊急事件。當(dāng)然，怎樣禁止和監(jiān)控去像中國這樣的國家旅行則是另一回事。

因此，開始階段預(yù)防“非典”取決于邊境控制，而美國邊境遠(yuǎn)沒有得到控制。估計，美國有8至9百萬的未注冊的外國人，而且每年增加500,000。亞洲是西半球外最大的非法移民來源地，他們通過復(fù)雜的走私網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)入美國�！胺堑洹蓖耆�可能借此后門而非前門侵入美國。

26．【答案】 C
【解析】 這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段首句可知，“患有傳染性疾病的外國人，移民局可不讓其入境”，所以C項(xiàng)應(yīng)為正確答案。由于文章強(qiáng)調(diào)“傳染性”是拒絕入境的前提條件，故B項(xiàng)“病人要隔離”過于夸大。

27．【答案】 A
【解析】 這是一道是非判斷題。根據(jù)第二段末句可知，移民法賦予總統(tǒng)的這種權(quán)利其實(shí)很少使用(This little�瞮sed power)，所以A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

28．【答案】 B
【解析】 這是一道詞義題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，由于每天合法進(jìn)入美國的亞洲人實(shí)在太多，要想將“非典”拒于國門之外恐非易事，故B為正確答案。

29．【答案】 D
【解析】 這是一道推論題，問作者會贊同下面哪種說法。綜合后三段的末句，可知作者對美國的拒“非典”于國門之外的邊境戰(zhàn)略，不一定能實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以答案為D項(xiàng)。A與文章所含之意相反；文章也未說所有的非法移民均通過復(fù)雜的走私網(wǎng)絡(luò)來美國，故C不對；B項(xiàng)過于夸大。

30．【答案】 B
【解析】 這是一道主旨題。文章首段先點(diǎn)出了美國人的拒“非典”于國門之外的策略，隨后諸段主要說這一點(diǎn)很難做到，故文章主旨標(biāo)題應(yīng)為B項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)不足以概括全文，排除。

Text3譯文

隨著美國西部旱災(zāi)進(jìn)入第五年——108年來持續(xù)時間最長的一次——該地區(qū)的城市紛紛實(shí)施用水限定和節(jié)水措施，科羅拉多州奧羅拉的水庫蓄水只達(dá)到26％，到暑期也只能達(dá)到通常蓄水的一半，該地區(qū)禁止種樹、培植灌木，私人泳池也不許注滿。

然而，在不斷擴(kuò)張著的、干渴的加州南方城市，只憑節(jié)水根本無濟(jì)于事。這個地區(qū)的80％多的水是從周邊幾個州引進(jìn)，既便設(shè)法維持水的引入也不足以補(bǔ)償未來人口的飛速增長：光圣迪哥縣的人口預(yù)計到2020年上升29％，從2，840，000到3，670，000。

嚴(yán)峻的時刻需要嚴(yán)峻的措施。加州水管理部門正計劃海水脫鹽技術(shù)，即將海水或鹽水中的鹽等礦物質(zhì)去除，使其可以飲用。加州計劃分不同階段，沿海岸建造13個脫鹽廠。這些項(xiàng)目需要數(shù)十億美元，但計劃者認(rèn)為這能給加州居民帶來更穩(wěn)定的水供應(yīng)，而等待大自然的恩賜實(shí)在靠不住。

由于地球上的水資源中只有3％是淡水，加上全球人口的增長，這一步非走不可。圣迪哥的海水脫鹽項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理鮑伯?雅馬韃說，“海水脫鹽將為我們創(chuàng)造一個可以御旱的水供應(yīng)”，他還認(rèn)為，20年后加州用水的10％到20％ 將來自于海洋。美國水廠協(xié)會（設(shè)在丹佛的致力于飲用水質(zhì)量和供應(yīng)的非贏利機(jī)構(gòu)）預(yù)言，現(xiàn)在20億的脫鹽工廠設(shè)備市場未來20年中將增加到70多億美元。

環(huán)保主義者支持海水脫鹽。研究表明，將冷卻鹽水注回海洋只會使海水含鹽度增加1％不到，這也就相當(dāng)于自然升降程度。伯芮?訥而什，一位自然資源防護(hù)協(xié)會的資深分析師，就說他之所以變成一名海水脫鹽的支持者，是因?yàn)?999年6月加州的一份報告證明了海水脫鹽比造大壩還要費(fèi)用低廉，而大壩的建造對環(huán)境造成很大的破壞。

訥而什對能源消耗及海岸破壞仍有疑慮。但他也說，“海水脫鹽再也不是狂人所為了，這已經(jīng)是主流做法。我們當(dāng)然會具體問題具體分析地對待每一個脫鹽項(xiàng)目，就好比對待其他合法的水資源政策一樣�！�

隨著技術(shù)的不斷完善，專家們認(rèn)為這種技術(shù)不僅為市政府所擇用，還將為酒店、景點(diǎn)、公司甚至家庭所采用。私營水處理公司Matrix Water，總部設(shè)在佛羅里達(dá)州的福特?勞得代爾市，正在為巴哈馬的綠灣四季勝地建造一座日處理800，000加侖水的海水脫鹽廠。新成立的美國國土安全部也在研究使用這項(xiàng)技術(shù)保護(hù)美國的水供應(yīng)免遭生化恐怖分子的襲擊。

31．【答案】 D
【解析】 這是一道涉及因果關(guān)系提問的細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段可知，節(jié)水計劃在南加州解決不了問題的主要原因是，該地區(qū)人口增長過快。
故D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

32．【答案】 B
【解析】 本題涉及第三段的寫作意圖。既然一二小節(jié)揭示了水資源緊張問題，且第三段開頭又提出了一個解決問題的方案，可見，第三段的寫作意圖為B。

33．【答案】 C
【解析】 這同樣是一道因果關(guān)系提問的細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段末句，可知Nelson轉(zhuǎn)而支持該項(xiàng)目，是因?yàn)橄鄬τ谠齑髩危�該�?xiàng)目成本低，對環(huán)境破壞小。可見，C是答案。

34．【答案】 A
【解析】 這是一道態(tài)度題。雖然Nelson支持該項(xiàng)目，然而第六段開頭，他又表示對項(xiàng)目所引起的能源消耗及海岸線的破壞有所憂慮，可見，他對該項(xiàng)目的態(tài)度應(yīng)為：“有限度的支持”，答案為A。B意為“無保留地支持”；C意為“略微無所謂”；D意為“非常悲觀”。

35．【答案】 D
【解析】 這是一道詞義題。末段說，海水脫鹽技術(shù)會成為各界解決水問題的方案，可以推論，文末的美國國土安全部所想利用的技術(shù)也應(yīng)為脫鹽技術(shù)。故答案為D。

text4譯文

將做生意與玩撲克作一比較就可讓我們了解生意的本質(zhì)。盡管兩者都有偶然性，但從長遠(yuǎn)看，贏者都是技術(shù)穩(wěn)定的人。這兩種游戲中，獲勝都要求非常了解游戲規(guī)則、洞悉其他人的心理、自信、相當(dāng)?shù)淖月梢约皩ε既粰C(jī)會快速有效的反應(yīng)。

沒人要求玩撲克得按照教堂所宣講的倫理規(guī)范去進(jìn)行。撲克有其自身的特殊規(guī)矩，我不是指禁止作弊的規(guī)矩。袖中藏個A或者牌上作記號不只是不規(guī)矩的問題；這是騙子，應(yīng)受懲罰——趕出比賽，或在古老的西方是要斃了的。

與作弊相反，不規(guī)矩的撲克玩者指的是遵守規(guī)則本身卻想法讓對手處于不公平的處境中的人。比如，大聲說話，煩擾對方，或把對方灌醉。規(guī)矩玩家對此不屑一顧。

撲克的倫理規(guī)范不同于文明社會人際倫理理想。游戲要求彼此不能信任對方，忽略友誼，狡猾地欺騙對方，隱瞞自己的實(shí)力和意圖，不能友善，不能坦率，對撲克而言，這些都很重要。不會有人因此而蔑視撲克，同樣也沒人會因?yàn)樯�意的是非�?biāo)準(zhǔn)不同于盛行的社會道德規(guī)范而蔑視生意游戲。大家都認(rèn)為，生意人私生活上對社會道德不是不遵守的。我想說的是，在生意場上，他們不再是普通公民；他們是游戲參與者，得按一套不同的倫理規(guī)則做事。

一位來自中西部的公司執(zhí)行官對這個問題進(jìn)行了大量思考，他曾跟我談過這件事，說得很透：“商人只要守法，不惡意撒謊，那他就是守規(guī)矩的。如果法律允許某人賺筆錢，他不去做才是傻瓜。如果他不去，其他人會的。他沒必要想誰會因此而受到傷害，法律允許了，那就是做事的全部理由。這沒有什么不道德的，這是簡單的商業(yè)常識�！�

我想，可以把商人對道德規(guī)范的態(tài)度歸納如下：

我們生活在文明社會最具競爭性的時代。我們的習(xí)俗要求謀取成功的個人具有高度的侵犯性。商業(yè)是競爭的主戰(zhàn)場，是策略性很強(qiáng)的游戲。政府制定了基本的游戲規(guī)則，去檢查并處罰欺詐行為，只要公司不去觸犯法律規(guī)范，它就有合法的權(quán)力制定策略，謀取利潤，不必顧及其他。商業(yè)決策是策略性決策，不是倫理決策。

36．【答案】 A
【解析】 該題涉及作者的一個觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)首段末句，游戲贏家的共同特點(diǎn)之一是：對機(jī)會的快速反應(yīng)，A是答案。其他三項(xiàng)均與文章不完全吻合。

37．【答案】 D
【解析】 本題問作者對撲克游戲規(guī)范所持觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)第四段首句可知，作者認(rèn)為，撲克的游戲規(guī)范不同于社會人際交往的道德規(guī)范，D為此意，是正確答案。

38．【答案】 A
【解析】 這是一道推論題。第五段強(qiáng)調(diào)，只要在法律范圍內(nèi)，企業(yè)家盡可放開賺錢。A符合此意，為正確答案。

39．【答案】 B
【解析】 這同樣是推論題。根據(jù)第四段的第二至五句可知，欺騙(deception)是商業(yè)活動中該有的，再結(jié)合末段的意思，可得出結(jié)論：欺騙是工商界可用策略之一。故B為答案。末段中的“fraud”意為“illegal deception”，中文為“欺詐”，不等于deception。

40. 【答案】 C
【解析】 這是一道引申判斷題，問第四段所描述的游戲規(guī)范適用于下面哪種場合。外交場合要求任何一方不能輕易相信對方，不能讓對方了解自己的實(shí)力和意圖，符合段四所描述的情況，故為正確答案。

Part B

總體分析

本篇對Google搜索引擎的創(chuàng)建及其作用作了一番解說。第一、二段為引子，三、四段說明它的創(chuàng)建，后幾段作者進(jìn)行正反評說。

41． 【答案】 A
【解析】 本題考察考生對全文結(jié)構(gòu)，尤其上下段的邏輯的把握。既然上段介紹了Google，下段又介紹Google的創(chuàng)建，那么空格選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為A項(xiàng)，才符合前后邏輯。

42． 【答案】 F
【解析】 本題涉及段落內(nèi)容的前后連貫，尤其上下句的修辭排比。既然前后都是if...，那么選項(xiàng)當(dāng)然就該是F項(xiàng)了。

43． 【答案】 G
【解析】 本題同樣涉及段落內(nèi)上下文的邏輯把握。既然下文說到“A story（新聞故事） gets on if enough newspapers run it and give it prominence”，那么答案就得與新聞報紙內(nèi)容有關(guān)，答案顯然是G項(xiàng)。

44． 【答案】 C
【解析】 本題涉及段落內(nèi)部邏輯。既然下文說到“It needs help distinguishing between Francis Bacon, the 20th�瞔entury painter, and Francis Bacon, the 17th�瞔entury philosopher”，那么上文就得說過Google不善區(qū)分相同姓名的人物，答案顯然是C項(xiàng)。

45． 【答案】 E
【解析】 本題涉及段落內(nèi)邏輯。下文說到一位女士給一報紙編輯（ethicist倫理學(xué)家）寫信，問自己所做的事是否得體（decent），可見上文涉及倫理道德問題，所以E項(xiàng)為答案。

Part C

46. 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個復(fù)合句。if引導(dǎo)一個條件狀語從句。
【詞匯難點(diǎn)】 “as well as”強(qiáng)調(diào)前者�！皌ake up”譯為“從事，有”。
【參考譯文】 夫妻不但要有雙方共同的興趣還要保留相互不同的興趣（和友誼），如果他們不能夠適應(yīng)相互個性中更吸引人的元素的話。

47. 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個復(fù)合句。句中有較長插入語成分。
【詞匯難點(diǎn)】 “exert”此處可譯為“盡力表現(xiàn)”。
【參考譯文】 已婚夫婦有可能在客人在場時盡力表現(xiàn)自我，既熱情又中肯地逗趣、討論，而在客人走后則又陷入枯燥而精疲力竭的沉默。

48. 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個簡單句。
【詞匯難點(diǎn)】 “preserve and develop”譯為“保持、發(fā)展”。
【參考譯文】 但同時，夫妻必須花足夠的時間在各自的興趣上，和各自的朋友一起，保持、發(fā)展他們各自的個性，并使得他們的關(guān)系鮮活。

49. 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個復(fù)合句。because引導(dǎo)一個原因狀語從句。
【詞匯難點(diǎn)】 “chore”意為“家務(wù)瑣事”。
【參考譯文】 對于很多非常聰明的職業(yè)女性而言，家就代表著家務(wù)瑣事的義務(wù)，因?yàn)檎煞蛑皇窃敢馊萑唐拮拥墓ぷ鞫鴱牟患尤氲郊覄?wù)事中來。

50. 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個簡單句。有兩個由現(xiàn)在分詞引導(dǎo)的狀語成分。
【詞匯難點(diǎn)】 “allot”意為“分配，分派”；“exclusive”譯為“僅僅的”。
【參考譯文】 對于很多有孩子的夫妻，孩子會需要父母全部的時間和關(guān)注，使得夫妻沒有時間發(fā)展彼此的愛情和相互的喜愛、友誼，僅僅分派給他們父母的角色。

Section ⅢWriting

分析

寫作A是一篇致歉信，考生應(yīng)注意審讀規(guī)定的情景和相應(yīng)提綱，挖掘?qū)懽鲀?nèi)容，做好字?jǐn)?shù)方面的布局，然后按相應(yīng)提綱逐項(xiàng)展開。寫作時，要注意不同的寫作對象和寫作目的，注意語體措辭的得體性。

寫作B是一篇情景作文，考生要審讀所給情景，確定文章的主題，然后列出提綱。仔細(xì)閱讀本題標(biāo)題和情景后，考生應(yīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)有兩種展開方式：1. 第一段對比性的描述圍繞“欲速則不達(dá)”，人們在實(shí)踐中的不同表現(xiàn)；第二段闡述自己在這個問題上的看法。2. 第一段描述人們在看法上總的來說是一致的；第二段說明人們在實(shí)踐中的做法則有所不同；第三段考生可闡明自己對這個問題的看法（見范文）。二段或三段不是問題，關(guān)鍵在于考生能否把命題的全部內(nèi)容講清楚。

范文
Part A

Dear Mrs. Harrison,

I was most upset to learn that Thomas had kicked his ball through your sitting room window again this afternoon.
He has been warned repeatedly not to play on that piece of waste ground beside your house, especially since the last accident. Unfortunately, he disobeyed me, and I can only offer my sincerest apologies.

When you have the window repaired, please send the bill to me. I intend to keep the money out of Thomas’s pocket money in the hope that this will teach him a lesson.

Apologize once again.

Sincerely,

Li Ming

Part B

People generally agree with the saying “More haste, less speed”. Indeed, most people are acting on this principle in their daily activities. They realize that if they do things in a hurried way, they will achieve less than what they hope for. However, if things are done at a reasonable pace, people can, more often than not, attain their goals as expected.
Nevertheless, when it comes to daily practice, not everyone observes this principle. For example, in the 1950’s, the leaders of Chinese government wished to realize Communism in a shorter period of time by so called “Great Leap Forward”. Yet, the result is that the whole economy was totally damaged and the people’s life became miserable. Likewise, students may make the same mistakes in their studies. Some students intend to gain enough credits as soon as possible by selecting many courses in a term, only to find that they fail in most of the courses. To make things worse, their required courses suffer a lot. Obviously, more haste invariably means more failures.

In short, I strongly believe that “more haste, less speed” should be a warning to our decision�瞞aking. Only when we keep it in mind can we avoid the same mistakes mentioned above and ensure our final success in all respects.