(三)謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)
1.就近一致。 有時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致，主要有以下兩種情況：
(1)用連詞either...or,neither...nor,whether...or,not only...but(also),or等連接的并列主語，如果一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動(dòng)詞按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語一致。 例如：What he does or what he says does not concern me.他做什么或是他說什么與我無關(guān)。
Either the boy or the girl knows him well.不是這男孩就是那女孩了解他。
Neither money nor fame has influence on me. 錢和榮譽(yù)都不會(huì)讓我動(dòng)心。
Not only you but also he is wrong.你和他都錯(cuò)了。
(2)在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動(dòng)詞往往和后面的第一個(gè)主語取得一致。
例如：Where is your mother and younger sisters?你的母親和妹妹們在哪里?
There is a book,two pencils and some buttons on the table.在桌子上，有一本書，兩支鉛筆和一些扣子。
2.一些表示數(shù)量的短語與名詞連用時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于名詞的數(shù)。名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，反之就用單數(shù)。 這些短語有：a lot of(lots of),plenty of,a heap of (heaps of),half of,twothirds of,ninety percent of,part of,rest of,some of,none of等。
例如：Lots of damage was caused by the fire.火災(zāi)造成了很大的損失。
Twothirds of people present are women.在場三分之二的人是婦女。
40 percent of the students come from the south of China.40%的學(xué)生來自中國的南方。
A number of students were late.許多同學(xué)遲到了。
3.集體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于主語表示的意義。 當(dāng)表示整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)主語強(qiáng)調(diào)集體中的個(gè)體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)(意義一致原則)。
如：army,audience, band,board,crowd,cattle,class,club,committee,crew,family等等。
例如：The family is the basic unit of our society.家庭是社會(huì)的基本單元。
The family were watching TV.全家人正在看電視。
The committee meets twice a month.委員會(huì)一月開兩次會(huì)。
The committee are divided in opinion.委員會(huì)意見有分歧。
The audience was enormous.觀眾人很多。
The audience were greatly moved at the words.聽了這話聽眾都很感動(dòng)。
4.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須與其先行詞一致。
例如：I,who am your friend,will try my best to help you.我作為你的朋友會(huì)盡力幫助你。
Each of us who are his classmates is willing to help him.我們這些他的同班同學(xué)都樂意幫助他。
(四)代詞的一致
代詞一致是指句中代詞應(yīng)在數(shù)、性、人稱等方面彼此保持一致，或者與它所照應(yīng)的名詞詞組在某些方面保持一致。
例如：He is devoted to his aged mother.他全心全意地照顧他的年邁的母親。
The city is proud of its parks.這座城市為它所擁有的公園而自豪。
You will be late for your appointment.你約會(huì)要遲到了。
The old man hurt his foot.老人傷了他的腳。
(1) 由and連接兩個(gè)先行詞時(shí)，代詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
例如：The tourist and businessmen lost their luggage in the accident.在事故中旅游者和商人丟失了行李。
(2) 由either...or,neither...nor,not only...but (also),or連接先行詞，如果兩個(gè)先行詞在數(shù)和性上是一致的，就用其相應(yīng)的一致的人稱代詞；如果兩個(gè)先行詞在數(shù)或性上不一致，人稱代詞一般與鄰近的先行詞在數(shù)、性上保持一致。
例如：Neither Mary nor Alice has her key with her.瑪麗和愛麗絲都沒帶鑰匙。
Neither the package nor the letters have reached their destination.包裹和信都未到達(dá)目的地。
Did Andrew or Alice lose herself confidence?是安德魯還是艾麗斯失去了信心?
Not only Tom but I can do my work well.我和湯姆都能將工作做好。
在正式語體中，如果兩個(gè)先行詞在性或數(shù)上不一致，則用兩個(gè)不同的人稱代詞。如：
If either David or Janet comes,he or she will want a drink.
如果是大衛(wèi)或珍妮特來，他或她是要喝點(diǎn)兒的。
(3) 當(dāng)each,everyone,everybody,no one,none,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody 用作主語或主語的限定詞時(shí)，其相應(yīng)的代詞一般按照語法一致原則，采取單數(shù)形式。
例如：Everybody talked at the top of his voice.每個(gè)人使勁扯著嗓門講話。
None of the boys can do it,can he?沒人能做這件事，他行嗎?
Nobody wants to go there,does he?沒人愿意去那兒，他愿意嗎?
在非正式文體中，也可根據(jù)意義一致原則用復(fù)數(shù)代詞。
例如：Everybody knows what they have to do.每個(gè)人都知道他們必須做什么。
(4) everything,anything,something,nothing之類的不定代詞作主語時(shí)，句中相應(yīng)的代詞，一般只按語法一致的原則，用其單數(shù)的形式。
例如：Everything is ready,isn’t it?一切都準(zhǔn)備好了，對吧?
Something strange happened,didn’t it?不是嗎?某種奇怪的事情發(fā)生了。
(5) 當(dāng)主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，后跟each作同位語時(shí)，如果each位于動(dòng)詞之前，其后的代詞或相應(yīng)的限定詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果each位于動(dòng)詞之后，其后的代詞或相應(yīng)的限定詞用單數(shù)形式。
例如：They each have two coats.他們每人兩件外衣。
We are each responsible for his own family.我們各自負(fù)責(zé)自己的家庭。
