水木艾迪：考研英語閱讀理解沖刺之新題型

Text 4 段落排序

[A] As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success or failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesn’t matter that you weren’t feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that don’t count; the exam goes on. No one can give off his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. 

[B] The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge’s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s. 
[C] They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress. 

[D] The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs’; young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students? 

[E] A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does
anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. 

[F] There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person’s true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: “I were a teenage drop-out and now I am a teenage millionaire.” 

[G] We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude. 
Order:

答案：ADECB

    Text 5 信息匹配

Informative speaking is all around us. Any speech is an informative speech if it presents information to an audience. A report, a teacher’s explanation, and a talk at a group meeting are all examples of informative speeches. The goal in giving an informative speech is to state ideas simply, clearly, and interestingly. If you achieve this goal, the audience will understand and remember your speech. In this article, you will learn how to build an informative speech. 
41. Prepare an attention-getting opener at the beginning of your speech:
　　It is very important to grab your audience’s attention and make them interested in what you have to say.
　　People love to listen to a story. They want to find out what it is about. 
42. Prepare the body. Arrange the points of your speech in a clear, logical manner:
　　That way, your audience can follow you, understand your information, and remember what you have said. In order to do this, it is important to choose an organizational pattern that fits your topic. Such as, Problem-Solution. Use this pattern to speak about a specific problem and ways to solve it. 
43. Past-present-future:
　　Use this pattern to discuss how something once was, how it has changed, and how it will be in the future. 
44. Prepare a summary:
　　Every speech needs a summary of the information presented. The best way to summarize your information is to remind your audience of what you said by repeating the main points covered in the body of your speech. 
45. Prepare memorable concluding remarks:
　　Every speech needs an ending that leaves the audience thinking about and remembering what was said. Like attention-getting openers, memorable concluding remarks can take the form of rhetorical questions, stories, surprising facts, or quotations. Of these suggestions, quotations are popular among may famous public speakers. 
[A] For example, in discussing the Olympics, you might organize your information under the following three headings: The history of the Olympics→The Olympics today→The future of the Olympics. 
[B] This story was used to open a speech about the Gold Museum in Bogota, Colombia: A guard took me into a square room with no lights. The room was so black I couldn’t even see my own feet. All of a sudden a hidden electric wall closed behind me. There was no way out. I thought I was in a tomb. All at once bright lights came on, I was surrounded by gold on all four sides! 
[C] Example: As you can see, the Olympic Games are very important to people all over the world. I hope you learned some interesting information about the history of the Olympics, the Olympics today and the future of the Olympic Games. 
[D] For example, in speaking about the problem of choosing the college that’s right for you, you might present the following solutions: Read the different college catalogs→Visit campuses of different colleges→Talk to people who attend various colleges→Talk to teachers at the colleges you are considering. 
[E] President John F. Kennedy ended many of his speeches with this quotation from the poet Robert Browning: “Some men see things as they are and ask, ‘Why’? I dare to dream of things that never were; and ask, ‘Why’ not?” Say your memorable concluding remarks slowly and clearly, maintaining eye contact with your audience. Be as dramatic and confident as possible! 
[F] For example, in speaking about the death penalty, you might discuss: Advantages of capital punishment→Disadvantages of capital punishment. 
答案：BDACE

Text 6 信息匹配

Science had its beginning when man started asking questions about his environment. He wondered where the sun went at night and why the sky was blue. He questioned why the wind blew and the leaves fell. He sought answers to these and other questions. Not all his answers were correct, but at least he did want to know. 
41. Curiosity and imagination:
　　Science began to develop rapidly when man laid aside his wrong beliefs and began to seek true explanations. Young children are curious about how things work. The child wants to take apart a watch to see what makes it work.. 
42.Being in cause and effect:
　　Scientifically minded people believe in a “cause-and-effect” relationship. 
43.Being open-minded:
　　Open-mindedness is also extremely important to a scientific attitude. This means the ability to face the facts as they are regardless of what one has previously thought. It includes an ability to accept new and sometimes even disagreeable ideas. 
　　The solutions to real problems cannot be seen in advance. Scientists must be able to change their thinking and to adapt their theories to new facts as they are discovered. The mind, cannot be made up once and for all. New knowledge may make a change in thinking necessary. This is another way of saying that man’s understanding is always less than perfect. What is accepted as true often is relatively, and not absolutely, true. A scientific truth offers an explanation that is acceptable only in the light of what is known at a particular time. 
44.Respect for the views of others:
　　Another part of a scientific attitude is respect for the views of others. This is easy when these views are like one’s own.. The difficulty comes up when their ideas are different. Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept. New ideas are frequently very slow to be accepted. 
45.Opinions based on evidence:
　　Sometimes evidence is not complete. It may take time for new facts to become available. When they are available, a person may have to change his mind. New findings may also require a “wait-and-see” attitude. 

[A] They feel there is a perfectly natural explanation for everything. For example, there is a good reason why some leaves turn red and others yellow in the fall. Changes such as these which are easily observed. Are called phenomena. 

[B] The worker in science must face whether ther are pleasant or unpleasant. He must expect many failures and be willing to try again. Thomas Edison failed thousands of times before he succeeded in producing the first electric lamp. 

[C] Benjamin Franklin wondered about lightning. He combined his curiosity with imagination and carried out his well-
known experiment to show that lightning and an electric spark are the same thing. Curiosity and imagination are important qualities which help stimulate the discovery of new facts and advance science. 

[D] For example, there is an experiment on the sprouting of seeds which has been running for more than 50 years. The purpose is to determine how long a time seeds can be buried in the ground and still grow when proper conditions for growth exist. 

[E] Scientists such as Galileo, Louis Pasteur , and Edward Jenner were laughed at because they held theories that were not accepted. Respect for new ideas is important for continued progress in all fields of knowledge. 
[F] In making certain kinds of experiments in science variables are used. A variable is something which has different values under different conditions. In one type of laboratory test all the variables but the variables but one are controlled. This method of testing is called controlled experimentation. 
答案：CABED