十大寫作注意事項
1.審題要認真
短文的標題是對全文的高度概括。通過認真審題來確定標題的核心詞或者說關(guān)鍵詞,依此來整理思路。因此,考生看到試題后絕對不能提筆就寫,而是應該認真審題,看清題目的要求和提示,充分利用題目所提供的信息、關(guān)鍵詞所圈定的范圍,在確立主題后再動筆。
如從標題 The Misery of Shyness 中得知,考生不但要解釋說明 Shyness ,更重要的是要突出由 Shyness 帶來的Misery 。至此,短文要重點闡述帶來了什么Misery 。
2.文體要統(tǒng)一
正式文體的文章不宜用非正式的語句。有些考生在一篇很正式的議論文中用以下的句子做結(jié)語 OK, this is what I want to say.或是That’s my opinion. Do you agree with me？等等,使文章顯得不倫不類。
3.主題要突出 標題如果是 Pollution from Cars 或 Air Pollution ,以下段落的闡述顯得有些贅述 1 Part of this problem is the world’s exploding population. 2 A growing population undoubtedly means more factories polluting the air. 3 Besides, land and water pollution has also increased. 4 Pollution is, in fact, threatening our health, our happiness, and our civilization.尤其是第三句,還有點跑題。
4.文字要連貫 一篇好文章要注重連貫性。連貫性主要體現(xiàn)在句子與句子、段落與段落的銜接上,這種銜接要通過過渡詞語來實現(xiàn),以達到文章通順,語言流暢。例如 It is clear that television news can vividly bring into us dramatic events of importance, such as wars, games and soon, but it can not cover important stories in detail they may deserve because of its time limitation. On the contrary, print news excels in its ability to devote as much space to a story as it sees fit, though it can not compete with television visually. Besides, television is essentially a passive medium. Such as, but, because of, on the contrary, though, besides 這些過渡詞把句子從語義上連接起來,形成一個有機的整體,讀起來猶如行云流水,自然酣暢。
5.內(nèi)容要一致 要刪除多余的詞語,否則, 一是破壞了文章的一致性, 二是有湊字數(shù)之嫌。如
1 Scientists fear that nuclear energy will one day destroyus.2 They say that the explosion of a nuclear bomb can kill millions of people and cause disease and deformity in later generation.3 Because of limited energy resources, scientists are studying the possibilities of nuclear power.4 And any failure from a nuclear plant may cause enormous damage to the affected area5 What’s more, up to now people have not discovered a safe way to dispose of radioactive wastes.
本段中的第三句與主題不符, 也與第二和第四句不連貫, 應刪除。
6.表達方式要多樣化 詞、句型使用的多樣化不僅給文章增加了色彩和可讀性,與此同時也可反映考生的詞匯量和語言掌握的程度等。為避免文章平淡、呆板, 可使用不同的句式強調(diào)句、倒裝句、否定句等等。長短句使用合理相間,用短句表達有力的結(jié)論,用長句體現(xiàn)嚴密的邏輯關(guān)系�？忌谂e例說明的段落中尤其要注意詞語的多樣性。
7.考點要覆蓋全 無論是什么形式的寫作都有寫作內(nèi)容上的要求,一般為三個方面�？忌趧庸P前一定要看清寫作內(nèi)容上的要求,以確保文章覆蓋所有考點。
8.語言要流暢 評分標準已清楚地告訴考生文章要語言流暢、字句通順、表達準確, 這是得高分的基礎。
Last year the public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, to say nothing of animal care bills and furniture.1 It is difficult not to feel resentful about this when one considers what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty,2 and it is not unusual for me to get hot under the collar when I read about another old person who has left all his ／her money to a dog or cat home.
這兩句在表達意義上用詞十分到位,隨著兩個 when 引導的狀語從句內(nèi)容的遞進,主句對表現(xiàn)氣憤程度的加強通過用詞的不同而表達得淋漓盡致；排比結(jié)構(gòu)的運用使觀點更加明確在1 中 It is difficult not 和 to feel resentful about this 與2 中的 it is not unusual 和 to get hot under the collar 詞語表達極其準確。這需要考生在平時大量閱讀文章時多注意積累好的語言表達。
9.首尾要呼應 上述幾項被閱卷者稱為閃光點 ,即加分的因素。除此而外, 更重要的一點是要注意文章的完整性,即首尾要呼應。
10.檢查要到位 這個重要環(huán)節(jié)往往被考生忽略不計,而因為少了這個環(huán)節(jié)所造成的后果真可謂是功虧一簣。在閱卷過程中,時不時會發(fā)現(xiàn) ourself、thinked、the person who are… ,而這些會釀成不良后果的錯誤完全可在一兩分鐘的時間內(nèi)檢查、修改完成。所以, 在寫完短文后, 要耐心地再讀一遍.
