三、2005—1997年真題演練和提升技能
1.深入精讀部分和復(fù)習(xí)要求
2005年真題演練及答案解析
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often through to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2 animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.
Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.
The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house, but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.
1.［A］although ［B］as ［C］but ［D］while
2.［A］above ［B］unlike ［C］excluding ［D］besides
3.［A］limited ［B］committed ［C］dedicated ［D］confined
4.［A］catching ［B］ignoring ［C］missing ［D］tracking
5.［A］anyway ［B］though ［C］instead ［D］therefore
6.［A］even if ［B］if only ［C］only if ［D］as if
7.［A］distinguishing ［B］discovering
［C］determining ［D］detecting
8.［A］diluted ［B］dissolved ［C］dispersed ［D］diffused
9.［A］when ［B］since ［C］for ［D］whereas
10.［A］unusual ［B］particular ［C］unique ［D］typical
11.［A］signs ［B］stimuli ［C］messages ［D］impulses
12.［A］at first ［B］at all ［C］at large ［D］at times
13.［A］subjected ［B］left ［C］drawn ［D］exposed
14.［A］ineffective ［B］incompetent
［C］inefficient ［D］insufficient
15.［A］introduce ［B］summon ［C］trigger ［D］create
16.［A］still ［B］also ［C］otherwise ［D］nevertheless
17.［A］sure ［B］stick ［C］aware ［D］tired
18.［A］tolerate ［B］repel ［C］neglect ［D］notice
19.［A］available ［B］reliable ［C］identifiable ［D］suitable
20.［A］similar to ［B］such as ［C］along with ［D］aside from
全文精譯
人類的鼻子是一個(gè)被低估的工具。人們通常認(rèn)為，與動(dòng)物相比，人類的嗅覺(jué)是不靈敏的，1)可是這在很大程度上是因?yàn)槿祟愂侵绷⒌�，這一點(diǎn)是與動(dòng)物2)不同的。這就意味著我們的鼻子僅3)限于去感知在空氣中飄散的氣味，而大部分的氣味是緊貼在地表的，就被我們4)錯(cuò)過(guò)了。事實(shí)上，5)正相反，我們的嗅覺(jué)是十分敏感的，6)盡管我們通常都沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。即使當(dāng)這些氣味7)被沖淡到不及原來(lái)的百萬(wàn)分之一時(shí)，我們的鼻子也能夠8)分辨出不同的人類氣味。 奇怪的是，有些人認(rèn)為他們可以聞出一種花香，卻聞不出另一種，9)而有些人卻對(duì)兩種花香都很敏感。這可能是因?yàn)橛行┤巳鄙倌撤N基因，這種基因正好用于生成鼻子里對(duì)10)特定氣味的感受器。這些感受器是由一些能感知?dú)馕恫?B>11)信息傳遞給大腦的細(xì)胞構(gòu)成的。然而，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)即使人們?cè)?B>12)開(kāi)始對(duì)某種氣味不敏感，但當(dāng)人們能經(jīng)常充分地13)聞到這種氣味后也能突然變得對(duì)它很敏感。
對(duì)氣味不敏感的解釋似乎是這樣的：大腦發(fā)現(xiàn)讓所有的氣味接受器一直工作14)效率太低了，只在有需要的時(shí)候15)創(chuàng)造新的接受器就可以。這16)也可以解釋為什么我們通常對(duì)自己的各種氣味不敏感——只不過(guò)我們不需要這樣做。我們沒(méi)有17)覺(jué)察到我們自己的房子熟悉的氣味，但當(dāng)我們拜訪別人時(shí)，就會(huì)18)注意到我們所不熟悉的氣味。大腦會(huì)使氣味接受器可19)用于隨時(shí)接受不熟悉和緊急信號(hào)，20)例如煙的氣味，因?yàn)樗赡芤馕吨兄鸬奈ｋU(xiǎn)。12.［A］ at first四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中［B］at all的意思是“根本，無(wú)論如何”，用于否定句中強(qiáng)調(diào)否定的程度,［C］at large的意思是“全面地，詳細(xì)地”，［D］at times的意思是“有時(shí)，時(shí)不時(shí)地”，都不能與后面的suddenly和often一起描述一個(gè)變化過(guò)程。只有［A］at first有“起先，最初”的意思，在這里指人最初對(duì)某種氣味不敏感，而在經(jīng)常接觸后就可變得對(duì)其敏感。
