7. This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
要點(diǎn) 該句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是This trend began during the Second World War, when...。when引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾the Second World War。that the specific...detail是conclusion的同位語從句,在該從句中,主語是 the specific demands of its scientific establishment,that a government wants to make是 demands的定語從句。該定語從句放在其先行詞 demands和 of介詞短語之間,造成句子的割裂。翻譯時(shí),可把被割裂的部分還原。
譯文 這種趨勢(shì)始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,當(dāng)時(shí)一些國(guó)家的政府得出這樣的結(jié)論：政府要向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的具體要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見的。
8. Observations were made of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade.
要點(diǎn) 整個(gè)of短語作observations的定語,相當(dāng)于Observations of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade were made。因?yàn)槎ㄕZ太長(zhǎng),所以將其置于動(dòng)詞之后,以避免句子頭重腳輕。這樣就造成了句子的割裂,翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)將被割裂的部分還原。preschool:學(xué)前的。
譯文 人們對(duì)孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)前班和小學(xué)一年級(jí)開始時(shí)和結(jié)束時(shí)的情況都曾進(jìn)行過觀察。
9. Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
要點(diǎn) 這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。Whether to...situation是本句的主語,depends是謂語動(dòng)詞,兩個(gè)"upon"后面是賓語。availability在句中是指"測(cè)試和信息容易得到或找到"。therefore是副詞,插在depends 和upon...之間,造成它們?cè)诮Y(jié)構(gòu)上的割裂。翻譯時(shí),可把therefore提到句首。
譯文 因此,究竟是采用測(cè)試還是其他種類的信息,或是在某一特定情況下兩者并用,須憑從有關(guān)相對(duì)效度的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中得出的證據(jù)而定,也取決于諸如費(fèi)用和有無采用的可能性等因素。
10. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of "having it all", preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.
要點(diǎn) 該句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of "having it all"...into a woman...。preached by...magazine是過去分詞短語,作the philosophy of "having it all"的定語,插在from...into之中,造成了句子的割裂。翻譯時(shí),可把分詞短語譯成一個(gè)分句,其他照原文順序翻譯。
譯文 我從一個(gè)"全力以赴"的生活哲學(xué)--在過去七年里林達(dá)·凱爾西一直在《女性》雜志鼓吹這種生活方式--的積極倡導(dǎo)者,一改而成為隨遇而安的女人。
