hallucination n．幻覺，幻想
Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception，distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations (n.)．[1997年閱讀]
[譯文]迷幻劑主要影響人的感知，通過多種方式對感知加以扭曲或改變，其中包括產(chǎn)生幻覺。
healthcare n．衛(wèi)生保健
The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive (48：while) avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens(49：imposed)by employment rules，healthcare (n.) costs and pension plans．[1997年完形]
[譯文]這種現(xiàn)象可以使公司保持全球范圍的競爭力，同時避免了市場的惡性循環(huán)和由于雇傭規(guī)定、醫(yī)療保險費用和養(yǎng)老金計劃所造成的壓力。
holodeck n．全息艙面
In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck (n．)will be a reality．[2001年翻譯]
[譯文]再過不到30年，“星球旅行”號的全息艙面就會變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實。
homicide n．殺人，殺人者
“It's like surgery，”he says，“We don’t call those deaths homicides (n.) because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients，although they risked their death．If you’re a physician，you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide．”[2002年閱讀]
[譯文]“這就像做手術(shù)，”他說，“我們不能稱那些死亡為殺人是因為醫(yī)生并沒有故意殺死病人，盡管他們敢冒病人死亡的危險。假定你是一名醫(yī)生，只要你并沒有故意讓病人自殺，你就可以去冒令你的病人自殺的風(fēng)險�！�
horrify v．使恐怖
That's a prospect that horrifies (v.) Net purists．[1999年閱讀]
[譯文]這種前景讓網(wǎng)絡(luò)純粹主義者感到不安。
hospice n．旅客住宿處，收容所
The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices (n.)，to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies，to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care，and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life．[2002年閱讀]
[譯文]醫(yī)療行業(yè)采取步驟，讓年輕醫(yī)生去晚期病人休養(yǎng)所培訓(xùn)，對各種大膽的鎮(zhèn)痛療法方面的知識進行評估，為醫(yī)院護理制定一份符合美國醫(yī)療保障方案的付款條例，以及為評估和治療臨終痛苦制定新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
humane a．仁慈的，人道的
Research institutions could be opened to tours，to show that laboratory animals receive humane (a.) care．[2003年閱讀]
[譯文]科研機構(gòu)應(yīng)該對外開放，讓人參觀，向人們展示實驗室里的動物獲得了人道的對待。
husbandry n．畜牧業(yè)
Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry (n.) technique to clone humans，he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment?although no one had proposed to do so?and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning．[1999年閱讀]
[譯文]他(克林頓總統(tǒng))宣稱反對利用這種非同尋常的畜牧學(xué)技術(shù)去克隆人，并下令禁止使用聯(lián)邦資金做這樣的實驗??盡管還沒有人提議要那樣做??并責(zé)令成立一個由普林斯頓大學(xué)校長哈羅德•夏皮羅為首的獨立專家小組，在90天內(nèi)拿出有關(guān)克隆人的國家政策的建議，向白宮匯報。
hydroelectric a．水力電氣的
Hydroelectric (a.) power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams．[1998年閱讀]
[譯文]水利發(fā)電、治理洪水以及灌溉即使不建大型水壩也是可能的，不一定非要建大壩。
hyperactive a．活動過度的，極度活躍的
The process sweeps from hyperactive (a.) America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might．[2001年閱讀)
[譯文]這個浪潮從異常活躍的美國席卷到歐洲，并以不可比擬的威力影響到正在崛起的國家。
hypocritical a．偽善的，偽善者的
Instead，we are treated to fine hypocritical (a.) Spectacles，which now more than ever seem in ample supply．[2000年閱讀]
[譯文]相反我們目睹了比以前任何時候都多的虛偽景觀。
impartial a．公平的，不偏不倚的
The author's attitude toward the issue of“science vs．a(chǎn)nti-science”is_______．
[A]impartial (a.)[1998年閱讀]
[譯文]作者對“科學(xué)與反科學(xué)”這場爭端的態(tài)度_________。
[A]公平的
impoverish vt．使貧窮，使枯竭
To take advantage of this tool，some impoverished (vt.) countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment．[2001年閱讀]
[譯文]要想利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，某些貧困國家必須克服對國外投資所持的過時了的反殖民的種種偏見。
intellect n．智力
But not all parts of the brain are equally involved；the limbic system(the“emotional brain”)is especially active，while the prefrontal cortex(the center of intellect(n.)and reasoning)is relatively quiet．[2005年閱讀]
[譯文]但并不是所有大腦的部位都參與活動；控制情緒的大腦部位異�；钴S，然而控制智力和理性的大腦部位卻相對平靜。
inconclusive a．非決定性的，不確定的
That the evidence was inconclusive (a.)，the science uncertain? [2005年閱讀]
[譯文]證據(jù)不充分，沒有科學(xué)定論?
ingenuity n．機靈，獨創(chuàng)性，精巧，靈活性
Since the dawn of human ingenuity (n.)，people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous．boring, burdensome，or just plain nasty．[2002年閱讀]
[譯文]從人類最初有了智慧至今，人們一直在設(shè)計日益巧妙的工具來處理那些危險的、枯燥的、繁重的或者只是簡單骯臟的工作。
interpretation n．解釋，闡明，口譯，通譯
(39：Publication)of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a(40：storm)of media protest when he said the(41：interpretation (n.)) of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges(42：rather than)to Parliament．[2001年完形]
[譯文]Irvine勛爵說，對歐洲立法中所包涵的關(guān)于個人隱私監(jiān)控權(quán)的解釋，將留給法官，而不是議會，這招致新聞媒體的一片抗議。此后兩天，此信被公之于世。
ineptly ad．不適當(dāng)?shù)�，無能地
First，some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly (ad.) done．[1998年閱讀]
[譯文]一種解釋是近年來所進行的公司重組也許并未奏效。
inflationary a．通貨膨脹的，通貨膨脹傾向的
If the small hot spots look as expected，that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea，a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary (a.) universe theory．[1998年翻譯]
[譯文]假如那些小熱點看上去同預(yù)測的一致，那就意味著又一科學(xué)論說的勝利，這種論說即更完美的大爆炸論，亦稱宇宙膨脹學(xué)說。
info n．①消息；②資料；③信息
A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide?the division of the world into the info (n．③) (information) rich and the info poor．[2001年閱讀]
[譯文]今天，人們十分關(guān)注所謂的是信息差異問題??世界上信息資源豐富的地區(qū)和信息資源貧乏的地區(qū)之間的差異；
infringement n．違反，侵害
Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements (n.) to fair competition?[2001年閱讀]
[譯文]當(dāng)一個國家對破壞公平競爭的行為的處理過于嚴(yán)厲時，跨國公司會不會把它們的生產(chǎn)從一地轉(zhuǎn)到另一地呢?
inhuman a．野蠻的
Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is________．
[B]inhuman (a.) and unacceptable[2003年閱讀]
[譯文]被誤導(dǎo)的人們往往認為：在研究中使用動物是______。
[B]不人道、不可接受的
innate a．先天的，天生的
Its hero avoids being civilized?going to school and learning to read?so he can preserve his innate (a.) goodness．[2004年閱讀]
[譯文]該書(馬克•吐溫的小說《哈克貝利•芬》)的主人公逃避教化??不上學(xué)和不學(xué)習(xí)讀書寫字??因此他才得以保住善良的天性。
innermost a．最里面的，內(nèi)心的，秘密的
Researchers have come to believe that dreams________．
[C]reflect our innermost (a.) desires and fears[2005年閱讀]
[譯文]研究人員最終認識到夢________。
[C]反映了我們內(nèi)心的愿望和恐懼
insatiable a．不知足的，貪求無厭的
Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable (a.) curiosity．[2003年翻譯]
[譯文]人類既善于思考又善于創(chuàng)造，擁有永不滿足的好奇心。
insidious a．陰險的
But one insidious (a.) form continues to thrive：alphabetism. [2004年閱讀]
[譯文]但是有一種隱蔽的(歧視)形式還在蔓延：按字母表順序排名。
instantaneously ad．立即
But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant，instantaneously (ad.) focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd．[2002年閱讀]
[譯文]但是人的大腦能夠掃描一個快速變化的場景，迅速排除98％的不相干的物體，立即聚焦于森林中蜿蜒道路旁的一只猴子，或者人群中的一張可疑的臉。
juggle v．雜耍，同時做(兩種以上活動等)
For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling(vi．)through the’80s，downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life?growing your own organic vegetables，and risking turning into one?as a personal recognition of your limitations．[2001年閱讀]
[譯文]對我們這一代女性來說，整個80年代我們曾被迫忙碌地生活，90年代中期的簡化生活與其說是尋求神話般的好生活一自己種有機蔬菜并試圖與之合一一倒不如說我們都認識了自身的局限。
jurisdiction n．權(quán)限
So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list，they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction (n.) that would help their budgets and patients．[2005年閱讀]
[譯文]所以，在下一次，當(dāng)省政府官員們在尼亞加拉瀑布再次開會時，他們不僅要繼續(xù)爭論藥品價格；而且還會在預(yù)算和病人的管轄權(quán)上吵的聲嘶力竭。
lawsuit n．訴訟
In May，Julie Nimmons，president of Schutt Sports in Illinois，successfully fought a lawsuit (n.) involving a foot ball player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet．[1999年閱讀]
[譯文]五月份，伊利諾斯州的Schutt體育公司總裁朱利•尼蒙斯就成功地打贏了這樣一場官司。一名橄欖球隊員戴著該公司的頭盔在一場比賽中受傷癱瘓，遂將該公司告上法庭。
landmark n．里程碑，劃時代的事
What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected：the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cosmic Background Explorer satellite?Cobe?had discovered landmark (n.) evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang(the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy)．[1998年翻譯]
[譯文]研究人員所發(fā)現(xiàn)的宇宙云系既令人驚訝，又是人們所期待的，因為美國國家航空航天局的宇宙前景探索者Cobe號衛(wèi)星已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了劃時代的證據(jù)證明宇宙的確起源于最早的一次爆炸，即人們一直所稱的“大爆炸”(此理論認為宇宙起源于一大團能量)。
linguist n．語言學(xué)家
As a linguist(n.)，he acknowledges that all varieties of human language，including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive?there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas．[2005年閱讀]
[譯文]作為一位語言學(xué)家，他承認多種多樣的人類語言，包括那些非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的語言，比如黑人英語，都具有極強的表達力一世上沒有傳達不了復(fù)雜思想的語言和方言。
limbic a．邊緣的
But not all pans of the brain are equally involved；the lirnbic(a．)system(the“emotional brain”)is especially active．while the prefrontal cortex(the center of intellect and reasoning)is relatively quiet．[2005年閱讀]
[譯文]但并不是所有大腦的部位都參與活動；控制情緒的大腦部位異�；钴S，然而控制智力和理性的大腦部位卻相對平靜。
lining n．內(nèi)襯，襯里
Many folks see silver linings(n.)to this slowdown．[2004年閱讀]
[譯文]許多人對于經(jīng)濟減速抱有樂觀的希望。
liken vt．把…比作
Hence the analogy that likens (vt.) the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen，a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel．[1997年閱讀]
[譯文]因此，才會有人將貨幣政策的指導(dǎo)作用比做是駕駛一輛帶有黑色擋風(fēng)玻璃、破碎的后視鏡及方向盤失靈的汽車。
literate n．學(xué)者；a．有文化的，有閱讀和寫作能力的
Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics，especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states，were generally literate (a.) and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry．[1996年閱讀]
[譯文]為什么要提小學(xué)教育?正是因為有了這些學(xué)校，我們的早期技工才普遍能讀會寫，并精通算術(shù)及部分幾何和三角，這種情況在新英格蘭和大西洋中部各洲尤為可見。
livelihood n．生活，生計
Rather，we have a certain conception of the American citizen，a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood (n.) and happiness are affected by things outside of himself．[1999年閱讀]
[譯文]我們更應(yīng)該具有的是作為美國公民的某種觀念，即他必須準(zhǔn)確判斷自身的生活和幸福是如何受到外界影響的，否則他的公民特征就是不完整的。
lockout n．停工，封廠
The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout (n.) taught the two parties to respect each other's strength and understand the value of fair negotiation．[1996年閱讀]
[譯文]罷工和封廠的無情懲罰使雙方學(xué)會了互相尊重對方的力量，理解公正談判的價值。
logo n．標(biāo)識語
“Anthropology”derives from the Greek words“anthropos”“human”and logos (n.) “the study of．”[2003年翻譯]
[譯文]“Anthropology”(人類學(xué))一詞來源于希臘詞“anthropos”(人類)和“l(fā)oges”(研究)。
manifestation n．顯示，表現(xiàn)，示威運動
At Time Warner，however，such questions are simply the latest manifestation (n.) of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990．[1997年閱讀]
[譯文]不過，對于成立于1990年的時代華納公司而言，這樣的質(zhì)問僅僅只是公司自我反思的最新表現(xiàn)。
marketplace n．集會場所，市場
“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace (n．)?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper．[2003年閱讀]
[譯文]我們是否真地想讓鐵路公司成為在市場上決定誰敗誰榮的裁決者呢?”馬丁•貝科維奇問道，他是一位常常代表鐵路客戶的華盛頓律師。
maximize vt．最大值，最佳化
Thus，in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers，coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize (vt.) profits and the desire，of individuals to maximize their incomes，that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it．[1994年閱讀]
[譯文]因此，在美國經(jīng)濟體制中，消費者個人的需求，加上商人獲取最大利潤的追求及消費者想最大限度提高購買力的愿望三者共同決定應(yīng)該生產(chǎn)什么和如何利用資源來生產(chǎn)這些產(chǎn)品。
manicurist n．指甲修飾師
But the 47-year-old manicurist (n.) isn't cutting，filling or polishing as many nails as she'd like to，either．[2005年閱讀]
[譯受]但是，這位四十七歲的指甲修飾師修剪、銼磨、上油的指甲數(shù)量卻難遂其愿了。
manifesto n．宣言，聲明
Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber，whose manifesto (n.)，published in 1995，scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia．[1998年閱讀]
[譯文]將該詞(反科學(xué))用在仇視現(xiàn)代文明的恐怖主義者身上，也不會引起多大爭議，它在1995年公開發(fā)表蔑視科學(xué)、渴望回到前技術(shù)時代理想社會的聲明。
marathon n．馬拉松賽跑，耐力賽
Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences：remember that Pheidippides，the first marathon (n.) runner, dropped dead seconds after saying：“Rejoice，we conquer!”[1995年閱讀]
[譯文]過分地?zé)嶂杂讷@勝會產(chǎn)生危險的后果：記住，第一位跑馬拉松的費迪皮迪茲在說完“歡呼吧，我們贏了”之后幾秒就倒地而死。
markedly ad．顯著地，明顯地
However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers，so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock，their behaviour became markedly (ad.) different．[2005年閱讀]
[譯文]但是當(dāng)兩只猴子被分別關(guān)在相鄰的籠子之后，而且每只猴子還能看到對方用石頭交換了什么物品時，它們的行為習(xí)慣發(fā)生了明顯的變化。
media n．媒體
In Europe，as elsewhere，multi-media (n.) groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television，radio，newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another．[2005年翻譯]
[譯文]像其他地方一樣，歐洲的傳媒集團越來越成功，這些集團將相關(guān)的電視、廣播、報紙、雜志和出版社組合在一起。
methodology n．方法學(xué)，方法論
There is no agreement whether methodology(n．) refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry．[1999年翻譯]
[譯文]所謂方法是指在一般的歷史研究中的特有概念，還是指歷史探究中各個具體領(lǐng)域適用的研究手段，人們對此意見不一。
medication n．藥物治療，藥物處理，藥物
Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
[C]The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication (n.) can be prescribed．[2002年閱讀]
[譯文]根據(jù)本文，下面哪項說法正確?
[C]法院裁定，醫(yī)生可以開大劑量減輕病痛的藥。
millennium n．太平盛世，一千年
Pearson has pieced together to work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium (n.) technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place．[2001年翻譯]
[譯文]皮爾森匯集世界各地數(shù)百位研究人員的成果，編制了一個獨特的新技術(shù)千年歷，它列出了人們有望看到數(shù)百項重大突破和發(fā)現(xiàn)的最遲日期。
mediation n．仲裁，調(diào)停，調(diào)解
Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center，contends that the principle will shield doctors who“until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation (n.) to control their pain if that might hasten death．”[2002年閱讀]
[譯文]蒙特非奧里醫(yī)療中心主任南希•都博勒認為，這項原則將消除部分醫(yī)生的疑慮，這些醫(yī)生在此之前一直強烈地認為，如果給病人充分的藥品來止痛會加速他們的死亡的話，那就不能這樣做。
mediocrity n．平常，平凡
The grand mediocrity (n.) of today?everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring?means that natural selection has lost 80％of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes．[2000年閱讀]
[譯文]今天這種極其顯著的平均化??每個人的生存機會和子女?dāng)?shù)量都相同??意味著與部落相比較，自然選擇在印度中、上層已經(jīng)失去了80％的效力。
megamerger n．大規(guī)模合并
A few weeks ago，Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers (n.) in the banking industry．[2001年閱讀]
[譯文]幾星期以前，格林斯潘對銀行業(yè)的巨大合并發(fā)出了警告。
milestone n．里程碑，轉(zhuǎn)折點
The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones (n.) that mark the passage of the plates．[1998年閱讀]
[譯文]熱點及其火山痕跡是板塊移動的標(biāo)志。
miniaturization n. 小型化
And thanks to the continual miniaturization (n.) of electronics and micro-mechanics，there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy?far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone．[2002年閱讀]
[譯文]由于電子和微觀機械儀器的不斷縮小，現(xiàn)在已有一些機器人系統(tǒng)能夠進行精確到微米的腦部和骨髓手術(shù)，其精確性遠遠超過熟練的醫(yī)生用他們的雙手所能達到的水平。
misdeed n．罪行，犯罪
Theories (21：centering) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22：because) they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds (n.) or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23：interactions) with others．[2004年完形]
[譯文]將少年犯罪主要歸咎于個人的理論認為少年犯罪是因為他們以前的過錯沒有得到足夠的懲罰，或是因為他們在和其他人交往的過程中學(xué)會了犯罪行為。
momentarily ad．即刻，暫時地
From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained________.
[C]easily and momentarily (ad.)[2000年閱讀]
[譯文]從最后一段我們可總結(jié)出：應(yīng)____擁有雄心。
[C]輕松、暫時地
morphine n．嗎啡
Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine (n.) to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient．[2002年閱讀]
[譯文]近年來，醫(yī)生們一直在借用這項原則，為自己替病�；颊咦⑸浯髣┝康膯岱孺�(zhèn)痛的做法提供正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛�，盡管他們知道，不斷增加的劑量最終會殺死病人。
municipality n．市政當(dāng)局，自治市
At the same time the great municipalities (n.) went into business to supply lighting，trams and other services to the taxpayers．[1996年閱讀]
[譯文]與此同時，大城市也開始涉足實業(yè)界，為納稅人提照明、電車及其他服務(wù)。
mutability n．易變性
Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents，so hot spots may explain their mutability (n.) (inconstancy)．[1998年閱讀]
[譯文]這樣，正像早期的理論解釋了大陸的移動性一樣，熱點理論或許能解釋大陸板塊的不穩(wěn)定性。
neural a．神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的，神經(jīng)中樞的
By the late 1970s，neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just“mental noise”?the random by-products of the neural (a.) -repair work that goes on during sleep．[2005年閱讀]
[譯文]到了20世紀(jì)70年代，神經(jīng)學(xué)專家又轉(zhuǎn)而把夢視作“精神上的雜音”一睡夢中神經(jīng)修復(fù)工作的隨機性副產(chǎn)品。
newsletter n．時事通訊
However，the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be(27：wise) to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers，(28：for example)，publishing newsletters (n.) with many student-written book reviews，(29：displaying) student artwork，and sponsoring book discussion clubs．[2003年完形]
[譯文]然而，青少年的生活已經(jīng)充滿競爭，所以為他們安排贏家多于輸家的各種活動是明智的。例如，出版由學(xué)生自己撰編書評的新聞小冊子，展出學(xué)生的藝術(shù)品和贊助成立讀書俱樂部等等。
newsroom n．編輯部，閱覽室
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers，which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom (n.) seem alien to many readers．[2001年閱讀]
[譯文]新聞記者和讀者之間存在著社會和文化方面的脫節(jié)，這就是為什么新聞編輯室的“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式”與眾多讀者的意趣相差甚遠的原因。
negligence n．疏忽
The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because _____．
[A]they both suffered from the government's negligence(n．)[2005年閱讀]
[譯文]作者將全球變暖問題與吸煙相聯(lián)系是因為_______。
[A]兩者都被政府忽視了
neurologist n.神經(jīng)學(xué)家
By the late 1970s，neurologists (n.) had switched to thinking of them as just“mental noise”?the random by products of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep．[2005年閱讀]
[譯文]到了20世紀(jì)70年代，神經(jīng)學(xué)專家又轉(zhuǎn)而把夢視作“精神上的雜音”??睡夢中神經(jīng)修復(fù)工作的隨機性副產(chǎn)品。
nonconformist a．／n．不符合傳統(tǒng)規(guī)范的(人)，不墨守成規(guī)舊習(xí)的(人)
Straitford is most proud of its_______．
[B]nonconformist (n.) image[2003年閱讀]
[譯文]“Straitford”感到最驕傲的是它的_______。
[B]不落俗套的現(xiàn)象
nuclei n．①(nucleus的復(fù)數(shù)形)核心；②原子核
NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei (n．①)to create a child．[1999年閱讀]
[譯文]NBAC計劃呼吁繼續(xù)禁止使用聯(lián)邦政府基金利用人體細胞核去克隆嬰兒的任何企圖。
oncogene n．致癌基因
If several oncogenes (n.) are driven into action，the cell，unable to turn them off，beeoines cancerous．[1994年閱讀]
[譯文]如果若干致癌基因被激活，細胞無力排除也就演變成了癌細胞。
oncologist n．腫瘤學(xué)家
“Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process，”says oncologist (n.) Williarn Hayward．[1994年閱讀]
[譯文]“變化是進化過程中的一個正常部分，”腫瘤專家威廉•海沃德說道。
optimism n．樂觀，樂觀主義
History and news become confused，and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism (n.)[2005年翻譯]
[譯文]歷史和新聞往往混為一談，人們的這種印象往往也是懷疑和樂觀的混合體。
outburst n．(火山、感情等)爆發(fā)、噴出，突發(fā)，破裂
What accounts for the great outburst (n.) of major inventions in early America?breakthroughs such as the telegraph，the steamboat and the weaving machine?[1 996年閱讀]
[譯文]在早期美國，像電報、汽船和織布機這樣重大的發(fā)明紛涌而出，這是什么原因呢?
outcry n．大聲疾呼
Amid the outcry (n.)，many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education．[2000年閱讀]
[譯文]在一片抗議聲中，許多保守黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人正在力圖回復(fù)到戰(zhàn)前，強調(diào)道德教育。
outpour v．(使)瀉出，(使)流出；n．傾注，流出物
The best title for this passage might be______．
[D]Outpouring (v.) of Inventions[1996年閱讀]
[譯文]對本文來說最佳的標(biāo)題可能是______。
[D]發(fā)明的涌現(xiàn)
overfund vt．對…提供充足資金
As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives．[2003年閱讀]
[譯文]作為一個民族，我們可能在尋求不可能奏效的治療方法上花錢太多，而在研究能提高人們生活質(zhì)量的更平常的方法上花錢太少。
overstate vt．夸大，夸張
In Line 8, Paragraph 1,“the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes”means____.
[B]Americans tend to overstate (vt.) their incomes[1994年閱讀]
[譯文]第一段第八行中的“the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes”指_____。
[B]美國人往往夸大他們的收入
panick v．使驚慌，使恐慌；n．驚慌，恐慌
Consumers seem only concerned，not panicked (v.)，and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects，even as they do some modest belt-tightening．[2004年閱讀]
[譯文]消費者只是略有擔(dān)心，并沒有恐慌，許多人雖然稍微勒緊腰帶，但他們說對于經(jīng)濟的長期前景還是樂觀的。
paralysis n．癱瘓，麻痹
Instead of a plan of action，they continue to press for more research?a classic of“paralysis (n.) by analysis．”[2005年閱讀]
[譯文]不但沒有行動計劃，反而取而代之的是他們在反復(fù)不斷地敦促繼續(xù)研究??一個典型的通過分析來拖延，大事化小，小事化了的案例。
pancreas n．胰腺
But other survival statistics are still discouraging?13 percent for lung cancer，and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas (n.)．[1994年閱讀]
[譯文]但其他類型癌癥的存活數(shù)據(jù)卻仍令人沮喪一一肺癌13％，胰腺癌2％。
paraphrase v．解釋；n．解釋
To paraphrase (v.) 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke，“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing．”[2003年閱讀]
[譯文]18世紀(jì)政治家埃德蒙•博克曾說過類似這樣的話，“誤導(dǎo)之所以得逞，就是因為好人無所作為”。
participatory a．供人分享的，參與的
The journalist advocating participatory (a.) democracy in all phases of life，whose own children are enrolled in private schools．[2000年閱讀]
[譯文]倡導(dǎo)終生參與民主制的新聞記者卻把自己的子女送進私立學(xué)校。
partisan n．幫派(之爭)
In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered，it is also frequently partial or partisan (n.)．[1999年翻譯]
[譯文]這樣的研究中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的證據(jù)總是不完整的，通常也會帶來片面性，還會出現(xiàn)幫派之爭。
pathway n．路徑
“Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway (n.) between them and the supplier，”says senior analyst Blanc Erwin of Forrester Research．[1999年閱讀]
[譯文]Forrester研究所的高級分析師布蘭•歐文說，“商家需要認識到他們可以信賴銷售商和供應(yīng)商之間的這種途徑�！�
patriarchal a．家長的，族長的
The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands，but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal (a.) system of the old family business now passing away．[1996年閱讀]
[譯文]領(lǐng)取報酬后代表公司經(jīng)營的經(jīng)理與工人和工人的需求形成更加直接的關(guān)系，但甚至他也很少像正在被淘汰的舊式家族企業(yè)的家長制中的雇主那樣對工人有著親近的、個人化的了解。
perception n．①洞察力；②理解力;③知覺
What they found，in attempting to model thought，is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented?and human perception(n．③)far more complicated?than previously imagined．[2002年閱讀]
[譯文]在試圖建造思維模型的過程中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類大腦中的近1，000億個神經(jīng)細胞要比以前想像的更聰明，人類的感覺器官也比以前想像的更復(fù)雜。
pervasive a．普遍深入的
symptoms of pervasive (a．)anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find．[2004年閱讀]
[譯文]學(xué)校里不難發(fā)現(xiàn)反學(xué)識傾向的普遍表現(xiàn)。
penalize v．處罰
Theories (21：centering) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22：because) they were not sufficiently penalized (v.) for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23：interactions) with others．[2004年完形]
[譯文]將少年犯罪主要歸咎于個人的理論認為少年犯罪是因為他們以前的過錯沒有得到足夠的懲罰，或是因為他們在和其他人交往的過程中學(xué)會了犯罪行為。
perceptual a．知覺的，有知覺的
First of all，most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual (a.) distortions．[1997年閱讀]
[譯文]首先，大多數(shù)物質(zhì)的過量使用都會產(chǎn)生負面的影響，如中毒或嚴(yán)重的知覺錯亂。
permissible a．可允許的
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide，the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects?a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen?is permissible (a.) if the actor intends only the good effect．[2002年閱讀]
[譯文]盡管裁決認為，憲法沒有賦予醫(yī)生幫助病人自殺的權(quán)利，然而最高法庭實際上卻認可了醫(yī)療界的“雙效”原則，這個存在了好幾個世紀(jì)的道德原則認為，如果某種行為具有雙重效果(希望達到的好效果和可以預(yù)見得到的壞效果)，那么，只要行為實施只是想達到好的效果，這個行為就是可以允許的。
permissive a．許可的，放縱的
Blaming the permissive (a.) 1960s is nothing new，but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education．[2005年閱讀]
[譯文]責(zé)難放縱的60年代并不新鮮，但這并不是另一份批評教育滑坡的長篇大論。
pharmaceutical n．藥物；a．制藥(學(xué))上的
Of course，the pharmaceutical(a.) companies will scream．They like divided buyers；they can lobby better that way．[2005年閱讀]
[譯文]當(dāng)然藥廠不會同意，他們喜歡散客買家，那樣他們可以暗中運作。
populate v．①居住；②開墾
As a result the modern world is increasingly popu]ated (v．①) by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor．[2002年閱讀]
[譯文]因此，現(xiàn)代社會有了越來越多的智能裝置，雖然我們幾乎都注意不到它們，但它們的普遍存在卻節(jié)省了許多人類勞動。
predominance n．優(yōu)勢
Just as inevitably，the retreat from predominance(n.) proved painful．[2000年閱讀1]
[譯文]從優(yōu)勢地位上退出的痛苦也同樣是不可避免的。
primacy n．首位
A comparison of Brirish geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy(n．)of research，but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper．[2001年閱讀]
[譯文]對過去一個半世紀(jì)的英國地質(zhì)出版物進行比較，我們不但發(fā)現(xiàn)人們對研究的重視程度在不斷增加,而且發(fā)現(xiàn)人們對可以接受的論文的定義也在不斷變化。
