考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的問題是如何設(shè)計(jì)的

主持人：各位同學(xué)，大家晚上好，相信大家經(jīng)過暑假一些培訓(xùn)班的學(xué)習(xí)，對(duì)英語(yǔ)的閱讀理解有了更進(jìn)一步的接觸，很多同學(xué)給我們反映考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題目太刁鉆了。那么，今天我們海文教育集團(tuán)請(qǐng)到了國(guó)家考研英語(yǔ)閱卷組成員、中國(guó)人民大學(xué)外語(yǔ)學(xué)院副教授、考研閱讀輔導(dǎo)旗幟性人物郭慶民老師再次為大家講解一下考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解考題分析及解答技巧。郭慶民：大家好，今天在這里我將再次為大家剖析一下考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的部分考題，并詳細(xì)介紹一下對(duì)應(yīng)的解答技巧。
英語(yǔ)的提高是個(gè)日積月累，厚積薄發(fā)的過程，也是逆水行舟、不進(jìn)則退的過程。你可以花一個(gè)月時(shí)間突擊政治。但絕不敢自恃英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)不錯(cuò)，放松英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)。提高英語(yǔ)成績(jī)的捷徑，我認(rèn)為是多做閱讀題：一是閱讀理解的分值太高了，決定著考研的成敗、考生的命運(yùn)，無法不重視。二是閱讀理解在鞏固詞匯，培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感，提高英語(yǔ)水平方面有不可替代作用。
我們應(yīng)該都注意到了，考研英語(yǔ)閱讀文章的體裁大部分都是說明文和議論文。而這種體裁的文章，都是邏輯非常嚴(yán)密的文章。命題專家組不但選文是邏輯性強(qiáng)的，考察重點(diǎn)也是邏輯性較強(qiáng)的。我們經(jīng)常遇到的“看懂了文章，卻做不對(duì)題目”正是由于我們僅僅看懂了文章的字面意思，沒有去認(rèn)真體會(huì)文章的邏輯關(guān)系。另外，考研作文長(zhǎng)久以來的“三段式”也是直接考察邏輯思維的。結(jié)構(gòu)一般是這樣的：

　　主題(本質(zhì))段： 拿出主題X的句子+定義X的句子

　　展開段： 正推1+邏輯證明正推1； 正推2+邏輯證明正推2。

　　總結(jié)段： 對(duì)主題用辨證邏輯來下結(jié)論。

考研閱讀一般會(huì)在首句給出文章主題A，要養(yǎng)成認(rèn)出A馬上就問自己以上兩個(gè)問題的習(xí)慣。比如首句是“人是自私的嗎？”，那么顯然，自私就是A，作者一般會(huì)對(duì)A做概念解釋，然后通過正面證明自己觀點(diǎn)和反駁相反觀點(diǎn)的一系列邏輯推理來得出結(jié)論。那么，命題專家組就是要考察我們的這種邏輯思維能力。

下面我們實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一篇考題來讓同學(xué)們進(jìn)一步領(lǐng)會(huì)一下：

2004年研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題
　　Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across Career Builder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”.[本文的主題詞在第二句P.S.A個(gè)人搜索工具�？吹街黝}A應(yīng)該怎么做？問自己A是什么、A作用根據(jù)] It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.[很好，符合我們的思維，作者馬上對(duì)A做了定義] Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,’ says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. [更好，這幾句是對(duì)A能夠作用舉例論證。邏輯性非常強(qiáng)]

　　本段小結(jié)一下：主題+主題定義+主題根據(jù)。出題點(diǎn)不可能問主題是什么(都告訴我們了還考什么啊！一定是考緊跟其后的主題定義或者主題根據(jù)，又由于主題定義作者給的非常清楚明白，因此，重點(diǎn)出題點(diǎn)可能在主題根據(jù))

　　With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases.[講了PSA的優(yōu)勢(shì)1：省時(shí)高效] But [剛才是PSA的優(yōu)勢(shì)，看到轉(zhuǎn)折詞，應(yīng)該提醒自己了，要說劣勢(shì)了]although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks.[很好，和我們預(yù)期的一樣，連專家都說有缺點(diǎn)了] Narrowing your criteria[講劣勢(shì)1，之后顯然是“拉虎皮做大旗”，用專家的話來證明其劣勢(shì)], for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert.

　　本段講了主題的優(yōu)劣，是辨證的思維方式。小時(shí)候說“XXX是壞人”就不是辨證的思維。出題點(diǎn)肯定是優(yōu)勢(shì)1或者劣勢(shì)1了。

　　For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept —— what you think you want to do —— then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. [劣勢(shì)1的主人不再僅僅是PSA，而且是所有工作搜索工具，歸納思想]“There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead,[好了，都“辨證”的看了優(yōu)劣了，估計(jì)作者要講怎樣辨證的使用PSA了] the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide. [太好了。我們的思路和作者幾乎一致了。]
　　
本段的重心在“辨證使用PSA”。出題點(diǎn)可能就這一個(gè)。

 

　　Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. [在“開發(fā)PSA－PSA－使用PSA”這個(gè)關(guān)系里，后兩個(gè)都講了，現(xiàn)在講到開發(fā)PSA了]When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs —— those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them —— and they do. [講開發(fā)者的吸引回訪策略1]“On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite. [又是用別人的話再次論證此策略之成功]

　　本段是關(guān)系式里的頭把交椅“開發(fā)者”，因此，必然會(huì)對(duì)其策略出題。