3.In the past it was not uncommon for a man to die at forty, having lived a full life. But now we consider a lifespan of forty years to be very short. It is not unusual for people to live into their eighties and nineties, and some even reach 100. What’s more, people are living long, healthy lives and are active well into their “golden years”.
Mankind’s longevity is due mainly to advances in science and technology. Medical breakthroughs have eradicated many fatal diseases that were once common. Perhaps more importantly, better general health means that people are less likely to contract infections in the first place. Better health also helps people prevent slowly debilitating conditions, such as heart disease, which can take their lives at an early age. And as civilization has advanced, our living environment and sources of food have become more sanitary. Furthermore, work is now safer and not as taxing on the human body. We do not wear out after just a few years of very hard work.
There are many reasons why people are now living longer than ever before. But what is more important is that they are living better as they live longer. It is my opinion that we have scientific and technological development to thank for this progress.
參考譯文：
活得更久
以前的人活到40歲就過完一生而死亡是很平常的。但是現(xiàn)在，我們認(rèn)為40歲的壽命很短。人們活到八十幾歲、九十幾歲，有些甚至到100歲，是很平常的。而且，人們還能活得久而且又健康，精力充沛地邁入他們的“黃金時(shí)代”（退休期）。
人類會(huì)長壽主要是因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)及科技的進(jìn)步。醫(yī)學(xué)上的重大突破已經(jīng)根除了以前十分普遍的致命疾病。而更重要的也許是，大眾健康的改善首先意味著人們不大可能得傳染病。人們變得更健康也有助于預(yù)防罹患一些會(huì)使身體狀況日益衰弱的疾病，例如心臟病。這些疾病常會(huì)奪走年輕的生命。又因?yàn)槲拿鞯倪M(jìn)步，我們的生活環(huán)境以及食物來源已經(jīng)變得比較衛(wèi)生。此外，現(xiàn)在的工作比較安全，且對人體而言沒有那么繁重。我們不會(huì)因?yàn)橹恍量喙ぷ鲙啄昃妥兊闷v不堪。
現(xiàn)代人比以前長壽的原因有很多，但更重要的是，人們活得更久，而且也活得更好。我的看法是，我們的進(jìn)步得益于科學(xué)和科技的發(fā)展。
4.The Media and Famous People
In almost every form of media, including television, newspapers and magazines, a great deal of attention is paid to the personal lives of celebrities. It seems that the public cannot get enough of this kind of news. However, I believe that the media have a responsibility to present a balanced view of the world, as well as respect the lives of public figures. Therefore, I believe that the media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people.
For people who are fascinated with the lives of public figures there are some forms of media devoted exclusively to this topic. They can satisfy their curiosity by buying fan magazines and watching TV shows devoted to entertainment news. The general media should present all types of information because people have different interests. Furthermore, the practice of dwelling on the private lives of celebrities can lead people to pay more attention to these matters than they otherwise would. Perhaps most importantly, the media should respect the privacy of every individual, including public figures. They may have chosen to be in the public eye, but that does not give the public the right to know everything about them. Moreover, many stories about celebrities are untrue; they are only gossip reported to increase sales of magazines and other media. They are unfair to the famous and mislead the public.
For all of these reasons, I believe that the media should pay more attention to matters other than the private lives of public figures. In this way, they can appeal to a wider audience and encourage people to develop other interests. In my opinion, the media currently pay too much attention to the private lives of public figures.
參考譯文：
媒體與名人
幾乎每一種媒體，包括電視、報(bào)紙和雜志，都把許多焦點(diǎn)放在名人的私生活上。一般大眾似乎對這種新聞一直很感興趣。然而，我認(rèn)為媒體有責(zé)任以公正無偏袒的觀點(diǎn)報(bào)導(dǎo)時(shí)事，以及尊重公眾人物的生活。因此，我認(rèn)為媒體的確過度關(guān)注名人的私生活。
因?yàn)橛行┤藢τ诠娙宋锏乃缴钍种�，所以有些媒體就專做這個(gè)主題。通過購買針對歌迷或影迷所發(fā)行的雜志和觀看電視節(jié)目的娛樂新聞，就能滿足這些歌迷和影迷的好奇心。一般媒體應(yīng)該提供所有類型的資訊，因?yàn)槿藗兊呐d趣各不相同。此外，老是強(qiáng)調(diào)名人的私生活，會(huì)使人們比平常更注意這些事情�；蛟S最重要的是，媒體應(yīng)該尊重個(gè)人的隱私，包括公眾人物的隱私。他們可能選擇公開露面或上傳播媒體，但那并不表示大眾有權(quán)知道他們的一切。此外，許多關(guān)于名人的報(bào)導(dǎo)并不真實(shí)；那些報(bào)導(dǎo)只不過是被用來增加雜志銷售量以及其他媒體業(yè)績的八卦傳聞。那些不實(shí)的報(bào)導(dǎo)不僅對名人不公平，也會(huì)誤導(dǎo)大眾。
基于這些理由，我認(rèn)為媒體應(yīng)該多注意公眾人物私生活以外的事情。如此一來，媒體就能吸引更廣大的受眾群，并且鼓勵(lì)人們培養(yǎng)其他的興趣。依我之見，目前的媒體的確過度關(guān)注公眾人物及他們的私生活。
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