在“考研閱讀的最高境界——（一）五層遞進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)法”等文章中我說明了應(yīng)該如何把握閱讀文章與試題：
1． 把握中心思想層
2． 概括段落大意層
|
|
3． 深入剖析文章層
4． 摘錄背誦佳句層
5． 換位思考命題層
現(xiàn)在以歷年真題為例說明如何實(shí)施上述的五層遞進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)法。在每篇文章的后面，“文章結(jié)構(gòu)與內(nèi)容”對(duì)應(yīng)上述學(xué)習(xí)法的1與2，“核心詞匯”、“難句分析”與“參考譯文”對(duì)應(yīng)上述學(xué)習(xí)法的3，“佳句摘錄”對(duì)應(yīng)上述學(xué)習(xí)法的4，而“試題詳解”對(duì)應(yīng)上述學(xué)習(xí)法的5。關(guān)于“五層遞進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)法”的具體內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)閱讀本人博客中的同名文章。
Passage 3
Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society’s understanding—the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.
Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
“All men are created equal.” We’ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country’s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children—the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children—disabled or not—to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.
9. In paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that .
［A］ the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society
［B］ exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are
［C］ exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society
［D］ the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children
10. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that .
［A］ they are expected to be leaders of the society
［B］ they might become a burden of the society
［C］ they should fully develop their potentials
［D］ disabled children deserve special consideration
11. This passage mainly deals with .
［A］ the differences of children in their learning capabilities
［B］ the definition of exceptional children in modern society
［C］ the special educational programs for exceptional children
［D］ the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children
12. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children .
［A］ is now enjoying legal support
［B］ disagrees with the tradition of the country
［C］ was clearly stated by the country’s founders
［D］ will exert great influence over court decisions
文章結(jié)構(gòu)與內(nèi)容
文章結(jié)構(gòu)：一枝獨(dú)秀型。本文的核心概念是殘疾兒童(exceptional children)的教育。由于本文是一篇社會(huì)科學(xué)方面的文章，所以閱讀時(shí)還要注意作者對(duì)核心概念的態(tài)度：要讓殘疾兒童充分發(fā)展自己的潛能，必須調(diào)整對(duì)他們的教育，以適應(yīng)他們與正常兒童的差異。然后作者指出重視殘疾兒童的教育這一點(diǎn)反映了美國傳統(tǒng)的價(jià)值觀念---教育機(jī)會(huì)平等以及一種新思潮的出現(xiàn)。
核心詞匯
1. exceptional 殘疾的；例外的，異常的（名詞exception 除外，例外）
2. significant重大的，明顯的；重要的（名詞significance）
3. potential 潛能，潛力 ； a. 潛在的，可能的
4. adapt （to）（使）適應(yīng)；改編
5. capture 捕獲；奪取
6. supporting player 配角
7. scenery 舞臺(tái)布景；風(fēng)景
8. the key to …的關(guān)鍵
9. full expression 充分表達(dá)
10. understanding 認(rèn)知，理解；通情達(dá)理的
11. pass on to 傳遞給
12. weakness 缺點(diǎn)（反義詞strength）
13. prejudice 偏見；v. 損害
14. deserve 應(yīng)該獲得
15. capability 能力；技能（形容詞capable）
16. democratic 民主的（= demo（人民）+crat（統(tǒng)治）+ic（的））
17. denote 表示，代表（同根詞note、notice---not表明）
18. interpret 解釋，說明；口譯
19. to the limit of 達(dá)到…的極限
20. capacity 能力，容量（形容詞capacious容量大的，寬敞的）
21. modify 改變，修改（名詞mode模式）
22. substantially 真正地，實(shí)質(zhì)地（名詞substance）
* * *
23. exert influence over 對(duì)…產(chǎn)生影響，給…施加影響（exert 施加，盡力）
研究生入學(xué)考試歷年真題匯總表
更多試題請(qǐng)?jiān)L問：考試吧考研欄目
