26. prerequisite 先決條件

　　Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career.

　　專(zhuān)業(yè)化使得博士學(xué)位成為成功學(xué)術(shù)生涯的先決條件。

　　27. connotation 內(nèi)涵

　　The word "amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and， in particular， may not fully share its values.

　　"業(yè)余愛(ài)好者"一詞的確帶有這樣一種內(nèi)涵，那就是，沒(méi)有完全整合進(jìn)科學(xué)界的人不會(huì)分享其價(jià)值觀。

　　28. prospect 前景

　　Losing a job is hurting： you don't skip down to the job center with a song in your heart， delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.

　　失去工作是痛苦的：你不可能唱著歌蹦蹦跳跳地來(lái)到就業(yè)中心，心里高興地想著這個(gè)慷慨的國(guó)家會(huì)讓你的收入翻番。

　　29. prosperity 繁榮

　　"The Heart of the Matter，" the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS)， deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.

　　"物質(zhì)的核心"是美國(guó)藝術(shù)與科學(xué)研究院剛發(fā)表的一篇報(bào)告，這篇報(bào)告肯定了人文學(xué)科和社會(huì)科學(xué)對(duì)于美國(guó)自由民主的繁榮與安全的重要性，因此是值得表?yè)P(yáng)的。

　　30. intelligence 智力，智能

　　Jury duty was once limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence， education， and moral character.

　　陪審團(tuán)的職責(zé)曾經(jīng)僅限于那些具有卓越智力、教育背景和道德素養(yǎng)的人。

　　Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results.

　　事實(shí)上，對(duì)于人工智能的探索所獲得的結(jié)果是非常復(fù)雜的。

　　31. fitness 健康

　　But despite some claims to the contrary， laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness.

　　盡管存在一些反面的主張，事實(shí)上，笑對(duì)于身體健康幾乎沒(méi)有什么影響。

　　32. seminar 討論會(huì)

　　He spent many of his weekly seminars giving detailed instructions in techniques of observation.

　　他用了很多的周討論會(huì)來(lái)詳細(xì)說(shuō)明觀察技術(shù)。

　　33. duty 職責(zé)

　　Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract， as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.

　　一些哲學(xué)家提出，權(quán)力作為職責(zé)與利益的交換的一部分，僅存在于契約中。

　　34. advocate 倡導(dǎo)(vt.) 倡導(dǎo)者(n.)

　　Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers， so skilled at applying peer pressure.

　　羅森博格令人信服地提出，廣告商很善于應(yīng)用同伴壓力，公共健康倡導(dǎo)者應(yīng)當(dāng)向他們學(xué)習(xí)。

　　He advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.

　　他提倡思想自由和個(gè)人表達(dá)的自由。

　　35. benefactor 捐助者

　　These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.

　　這些捐助者在他們自己的領(lǐng)域很成功，他們想用自己的財(cái)富吸引那些在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域取得成功的人。

　　36. entrepreneur 企業(yè)家

　　These upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels.

　　這些突然崛起的企業(yè)家不可能通過(guò)金錢(qián)使自己的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)具有諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)那樣的威望。

　　37. chaos 混亂

　　Beethoven's music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence.

　　貝多芬的音樂(lè)總是從混亂過(guò)渡到秩序，仿佛秩序是至高無(wú)上的人類(lèi)存在。

　　38. tension 張力

　　The tension between the universal and the particular has been immensely productive in anthropology.

　　在人類(lèi)學(xué)中，普遍性與特殊性之間的張力能夠產(chǎn)生大量研究結(jié)果。

　　39. obesity 肥胖

　　Of even greater concern is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.

　　很難對(duì)肥胖進(jìn)行定義，這一事實(shí)受到的關(guān)注更多。

　　40. significance 重要性，意義

　　Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events

　　由于日常生活占據(jù)了我們有意識(shí)的思想，因此我們并不總是會(huì)思考日常事件的情感意義。

　　41. institute 研究機(jī)構(gòu)，(專(zhuān)門(mén)型)學(xué)院

　　According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information， prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending.

　　根據(jù)加拿大健康信息研究院的統(tǒng)計(jì)，自1997年以來(lái)，醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)總體開(kāi)銷(xiāo)中處方藥成本在大幅上升。

　　42. institution 制度，機(jī)構(gòu)，機(jī)制

　　He is that rare bird， a scientist who works independently of any institution.

　　他是那種與眾不同者，作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立于任何機(jī)構(gòu)的科學(xué)家在工作。

　　There is the so-called big deal， where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements.

　　存在一種大批量交易，就是機(jī)構(gòu)用戶(hù)付錢(qián)通過(guò)網(wǎng)站特許協(xié)議來(lái)解除大量的在線期刊。

　　The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and， as a result， radically higher standards of living.

　　研究機(jī)構(gòu)的發(fā)現(xiàn)一致地表明，所有國(guó)家的勞動(dòng)者都可以通過(guò)工作培訓(xùn)來(lái)獲得生產(chǎn)率的根本提高，從而大幅提高生活水平。

　　The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the peculiar institution.

　　如果不保護(hù)南方各州的制度，他們當(dāng)時(shí)就不會(huì)簽署憲法。

　　It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.

　　人們可以說(shuō)，對(duì)任何社會(huì)機(jī)價(jià)值的衡量在于其擴(kuò)大并提示經(jīng)驗(yàn)方面的效果，但這一效果并不屬于這些機(jī)制的最初動(dòng)機(jī)。

　　Malinowski regarded all institutions of a society as intrinsically linked to each other， and stressed that every social or cultural phenomenon ought to be studied in its full context.

　　馬林諾夫斯基把所有社會(huì)機(jī)制看成是相互聯(lián)系的，并強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)當(dāng)將所有社會(huì)或文化現(xiàn)象放在其完整的社會(huì)情境中進(jìn)行研究。

　　43. intellectual 知識(shí)分子，知識(shí)的

　　It is intellectuals， not America， who have become anti-intellectual.

　　反對(duì)知識(shí)的正是知識(shí)分子本身，而不是美國(guó)。

　　44. manuscript 手稿

　　When I set out to revise and update this book， the original manuscript was five years old.

　　當(dāng)我在對(duì)這本書(shū)進(jìn)行修改和更新時(shí)，最初的手稿已經(jīng)存在五年之久了。

　　45. trait 特征

　　The trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated.

　　我們過(guò)高評(píng)估了關(guān)于才干的特征。

　　46. reference參考

　　In effect， you try to reconstruct the likely meaning or effects that any given sentence， image or reference might have had.

　　事實(shí)上，你可以嘗試對(duì)任何給定句子、圖像或參考可以具有的意義或效果進(jìn)行重建。

　　47. inference 推理

　　You make further inferences， for instance， about how the text may be significant to you.

　　你可以進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步推理，比如該文本對(duì)你具有何種重要性。

　　48. legacy 遺產(chǎn)

　　Morgan's legacy would also be acknowledged by many Marxist anthropologists.

　　摩根的遺產(chǎn)也會(huì)得到馬克思主義人類(lèi)學(xué)家的認(rèn)可。

　　49. label 標(biāo)簽

　　Advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ，H&M， and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.

　　技術(shù)的發(fā)展使得諸如颯拉、HM以及優(yōu)衣庫(kù)這樣的大眾市場(chǎng)品牌能夠?qū)κ袌?chǎng)趨勢(shì)快速反應(yīng)，并更加準(zhǔn)確地對(duì)需求進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。

　　50. vogue 流行

　　I shall then proceed to characterize the system now in vogue in Western civilization.

　　我將繼續(xù)講述西方文明中現(xiàn)在流行的體系特征。

掃描/長(zhǎng)按二維碼關(guān)注可幫助考研通關(guān)

獲取2020考研大綱

獲取2020考研報(bào)名時(shí)間

獲取2套仿真內(nèi)部資料

獲取考研歷年真題答案

考研萬(wàn)題庫(kù)下載丨微信搜索"萬(wàn)題庫(kù)考研"

　　編輯推薦：

　　2020考研《英語(yǔ)》大綱解析及備考指導(dǎo)匯總

　　2020年考研英語(yǔ)詞根詞綴表:常用詞根總結(jié)

　　下載：各科目2020年考研模擬習(xí)題及答案解析

　　2020年考研報(bào)名時(shí)間 | 2020年考研時(shí)間安排

　　考研萬(wàn)題庫(kù)下載 | 微信報(bào)名提醒 | 報(bào)考指南

　　2007-2019年考研真題及答案|解析|估分|下載(各科)