考過(guò)了翻譯,通過(guò)了文學(xué),學(xué)了日語(yǔ),也算過(guò)了五關(guān),斬了六將。沖到盡頭才發(fā)現(xiàn),論文考試居然要八十分才能有學(xué)位證書(shū),思想壓力特大,是吧?
其實(shí),論文考試并不想你想象的那么難,通過(guò)與否全看你怎么準(zhǔn)備這門(mén)考試。
先說(shuō)說(shuō)文化論文,一定要記住三點(diǎn), 第一讀懂英文材料了沒(méi)有?第二回答問(wèn)題沒(méi)有?第三用關(guān)聯(lián)詞沒(méi)有?
比如有一次考布什和克里的辯論,洋洋四千字,看起來(lái)就有點(diǎn)頭暈。但是你看問(wèn)題呀:War on Terror: Difference of Kerry and Bush.有了問(wèn)題等于有了閱讀的目標(biāo),讀不懂千萬(wàn)不能寫(xiě)呀!于是你就先讀,邊讀邊標(biāo)出“老布”和“老克”在反恐方面的觀點(diǎn)。依次為:border security, making alliance, active attacks, and the center of the war.為了這幾個(gè)字,就是花上三四十分鐘閱讀也值得!讀不懂千萬(wàn)不能寫(xiě)啊!那就是“胡寫(xiě)了”,就算你每個(gè)句子都用對(duì)生僻的單詞,句句話都上定語(yǔ)從句也沒(méi)有用啊!因?yàn)樵u(píng)卷人看的不是這個(gè),他一看你是不是回答了問(wèn)題,一看回答了,心說(shuō)“還行”,這才往下看,心說(shuō)“這個(gè)學(xué)生的作文結(jié)構(gòu)清晰不清晰呢?”要滿足他這個(gè)心理需求,你就的把回答問(wèn)題的結(jié)構(gòu)搭好了,然后再捉摸用什么詞兒。
(記住,寫(xiě)作有個(gè)心訣,“有一個(gè)復(fù)雜的寫(xiě)法,就有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的寫(xiě)法”,當(dāng)然有一個(gè)“簡(jiǎn)單明了的寫(xiě)法,就準(zhǔn)有個(gè)把自己繞里頭的寫(xiě)法”,但是用哪個(gè)方法,全看你怎么把握)有的同學(xué)說(shuō),我橫著比較不行了嗎?比如,“布什和克里在以下幾個(gè)方面不同,第一…,第二…,第三…,”可是真寫(xiě)起來(lái)就不是你了,四千多洋文,還沒(méi)等你找出一二三,你自己就先蒙了,這么肯定是死路。要是我就豎著比:我先說(shuō)“老布在邊境控制上問(wèn)題上是這么說(shuō)的,……”然后我再說(shuō)但是“老克”卻是“這么說(shuō)的…”然后在中間串上關(guān)聯(lián)詞,什么but, on the contrary, by comparison, by contrast,全用上。反正閱卷人怎么看的舒服,我怎么寫(xiě)。(記住,寫(xiě)文章就像和你的舞伴跳舞,關(guān)聯(lián)詞就是你的步點(diǎn),有了步點(diǎn),你領(lǐng)著她走,自然流暢。沒(méi)有關(guān)聯(lián)詞,你就是亂蹦,時(shí)不時(shí)還踩她的腳,等踩她N下的時(shí)候,你不及格的日子就不遠(yuǎn)了。)
總之,寫(xiě)作文三點(diǎn)缺一不可,思路-句子-用詞,千萬(wàn)不要以為用了幾個(gè)大詞就是寫(xiě)作,你的思路是從文章問(wèn)題來(lái)的,有了問(wèn)題,就有了思路,這之前你什么也不知道。有了思路就是用什么句子寫(xiě),用什么連詞串接,這個(gè)有原文的材料輔助,絕不會(huì)無(wú)話可說(shuō)。至于用詞,沒(méi)有誤解是首先的,然后才是正式不正式。
接著我說(shuō)說(shuō)文學(xué)論文,這個(gè)部分比較重要,還真不能掉以輕心。好多考生寫(xiě)的出文化論文,寫(xiě)不出文學(xué)論文。和寫(xiě)文化論文一樣,得先看它問(wèn)什么,再?zèng)Q定答什么,這之前你什么也不知道。一般而言,文學(xué)論文以小說(shuō)為主,多考情節(jié),人物,主題。這肯定是經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)考慮的結(jié)果,因?yàn)檫@幾個(gè)部分都不是背幾段模板一套就行的事情, 全得來(lái)自閱讀和臨場(chǎng)發(fā)揮。難是難了點(diǎn),但是也不是鐵板一塊呀。只要是個(gè)事,就有個(gè)解決方案不是?就拿主題來(lái)說(shuō)吧,你得把它分成三層慢慢說(shuō),才能有淺到深,調(diào)評(píng)卷人的胃口,字?jǐn)?shù)千萬(wàn)不能太少了。你得先談?wù),這篇小說(shuō)生活經(jīng)歷和社會(huì)環(huán)境做出了什么歸納?作者在生活經(jīng)歷和社會(huì)環(huán)境這兩個(gè)層面中更突出的是哪個(gè)層面?然后再談?wù)勛髌奉}目有沒(méi)有暗示?最后說(shuō)說(shuō),這種暗示是否有什么普遍的價(jià)值和意義,作者是不是對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題明確回答了?如果沒(méi)有明確回答的話,那么是否證明作者對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行反思還是在尋找解決方案?這樣就有層次多了。
有了這些思路,你的語(yǔ)言才如滔滔江水,看這個(gè)已經(jīng)獲得了學(xué)士學(xué)位的同學(xué),經(jīng)過(guò)新東方的輔導(dǎo),是這么寫(xiě)的: Therefore, the theme of “Araby” can be read as a journey from innocence to spiritual complexity. The story is carried on and organized by the quest on the boy‘s part of his idealized childish love, up to the point of the boy’s recognition of the drabness and harshness of the adult world. Beneath the surface of the insignificant events, nevertheless, the natural flow of mental reflections, the shifting moods and impulses in the characters‘ inner worlds are richly presented. The theme of this story is a dramatic presentation of people’s attitude in such a society. What should people do if all their efforts for a meaningful life turn out to be senseless? How can they endure the triviality and nuisance with their rage, anguish and illusion? In this respect, James Joyce is attempting to interpret a unpredictable and chaotic world similar to ours. He also leaves a mysterious question: what should people do in such a world? To seek our happiness and accept the disillusionment and despair it evokes, or to tolerate the isolation and alienation in a meaningless. In this respect, he tends to arouse readers‘ retrospection upon the difficult problem in the society.夠精彩吧! 再看這段寫(xiě)“好人布朗”的,Last but not least, as far as the main theme is concerned, Nathaniel Hawthorne obviously lampoons sin and evil of human’s nature. Through the hero‘s moral pilgrimage from expectation towards cleaning up the wicked to the final devastation in the end, the protagonist’s beautiful love and pious belief have been shattered to pieces by the one-night adventure. In this case, the very one-night adventure can be regarded as the moral center of the short story. It is after the terrible experience that the hero is doomed to desperate disillusion from the original sunshine type. Here, the underlined struggles and pains from Brown‘s howl can reveal his spiritual isolation and philosophy that there is nothing to believe in. Finally, Goodman Brown’s gloomy death suggests that he is no more than a pitiable victim of the corrupted human nature in the world full of chaos. Conversely speaking, Hawthorne doesn‘t clarify solution to sin and evil of human nature. In this respect, he tends to arouse readers’ retrospection upon the difficult problem in the society.
有些同學(xué)心里說(shuō),“我哪能寫(xiě)成這樣呢?”,但是我告訴你們,這些同學(xué)和你們一樣,文學(xué)起點(diǎn)為零,一臉迷惘的報(bào)名來(lái)到了新東方,最后都獲得了好成績(jī),拿到了學(xué)位證書(shū)。我們可以根據(jù)考試的特點(diǎn),我們把?嫉男≌f(shuō)分成幾個(gè)種類(lèi),研究這幾個(gè)種類(lèi)的寫(xiě)法,特點(diǎn),常用詞句。先講解,再讓你自己寫(xiě),寫(xiě)完了以后再幫你修改。雖然我們不見(jiàn)得知道考哪個(gè)小說(shuō),但是我們至少知道考哪種類(lèi)型的小說(shuō)吧?凡事有個(gè)規(guī)律性, 把握了規(guī)律性,也就有了解決的方案不是?多想-多寫(xiě)-多改,Practice makes perfect.
說(shuō)了半天,不知道大家明白沒(méi)有,這個(gè)論文考試其實(shí)看著挺難,其實(shí)有破解的方法。你得像把握它的考試特點(diǎn),再有針對(duì)性的進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備。你想清楚了,有了方法,也就寫(xiě)清楚了。愛(ài)默生說(shuō):“每個(gè)人都有一顆透明的眼球”,說(shuō)是把事說(shuō)到點(diǎn)上了,只有你看清了事情的實(shí)質(zhì),才能產(chǎn)生思想和行為。就象咱們中國(guó)人常說(shuō)的:“會(huì)當(dāng)凌絕頂,一覽眾山小”
斯言,獻(xiàn)給那些不甘平庸,用于挑戰(zhàn),即將成功的年輕人。在新東方,我們一起迎接自考最后的挑戰(zhàn),它的前面就是一片光明!
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