2016年中考英語(yǔ)閱讀技巧精講

　　B。 對(duì)錯(cuò)題。出題方法一般為Which of the following statement is true or not true? or Which of the following is right or wrong except?此種題型多數(shù)答案為文章中心句子或中心含義的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明和解釋;少數(shù)題的答案為文章某一具體句子意思的解釋。

　　Do you know that women’s brains are smaller than men’s? Normally the women’s brain weighs 10% less than men’s。 Since research has shown that the bigger the brain， the cleverer the animal， men must be more intelligent(聰明的) than women。 Right? Wrong。 Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests， despite the difference in brain size。 Why? After years of study， researchers have concluded that it’s what’s inside that matters， not just the size of the brain。 The brain is made up of “grey matter” and “white matter”。 While men have more of the white matter， the amount(數(shù)量)of “thinking” brain is almost the same in both men and women。

　　Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 1?

　　A。 Grey matter controls thinking in the brain。

　　B。 Men’s brain is 10% less than women’s。

　　C。 Grey matter plays the same role as white matter。

　　D。 Men and women have the same amount of white matter。

　　B答案的10%是最好鎖定原文的答案也最好判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)，此句為主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)的篡改，錯(cuò)。

　　C和D答案都用了the same as 句式，找回原文，C 答案明顯的無(wú)中生有，D答案為篡改原文內(nèi)容，因?yàn)槲闹械囊蓡?wèn)是Since research has shown that the bigger the brain， the cleverer the animal， men must be more intelligent(聰明的) than women。 Right? Wrong。注意疑問(wèn)句Right?，他的回答是Wrong，錯(cuò)在哪里?細(xì)看這一句，since很關(guān)鍵意思是：既然，而非自從，既然研究證明大腦越大，這種生物就越聰明，那么男人一定比女人聰明。對(duì)嗎?錯(cuò)。 再往下看Why?的問(wèn)句后的回答即為結(jié)論：After years of study， researchers have concluded that it’s what’s inside that matters， not just the size of the brain。 Conclude結(jié)論是：大腦內(nèi)部起作用而不是大小在起作用。A答案是從原文內(nèi)容推斷出來(lái)的選項(xiàng)而非只言片語(yǔ)的改寫，是在解釋最后一句的意思，故為正確答案。

　　C。 推斷題型。出題方法一般為 what can we learn from the passage? What can we infer (draw， indicate， imply) from the passage? 多數(shù)答案為文章中心意思的解釋，少數(shù)情況下為文章某一細(xì)節(jié)的總結(jié)和概括。切記推斷題型必須要體現(xiàn)推斷的特點(diǎn)，不能照抄原文，即使一模一樣也不是答案，如果是繞著文章某個(gè)句子在改寫也不是答案因?yàn)闆]有體現(xiàn)總結(jié)和推斷的特點(diǎn)，只是只言片語(yǔ)的羅列，千萬(wàn)不要選。

　　And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? One of the common problems with making excuses is that people， especially young people， get the idea that it’s okay not to be totally honest all the time。 There is a corollary(直接推論)to that： if a good excuse is “good” even if it isn’t honest， then where is the place of the truth?

　　What can we infer from the last paragraph according to the writer?

　　A。 A good excuse is the same as honesty。

　　B。 Inventing a good excuse needs creative ideas。

　　C。 Unpleasant truth is better than a good excuse。

　　D。 Making a good excuse is sometimes a better idea。

　　如何判斷這一段的重點(diǎn)在哪里?針對(duì)一段文字來(lái)出的題型無(wú)論怎么問(wèn)，對(duì)錯(cuò)，總結(jié)，推斷，舉例證明什么目的，推出什么結(jié)論，所有的題的答案都是這一段中心句的解釋。這段文字重點(diǎn)句是最后一句，因?yàn)槟抢镉幸粋�(gè)漢語(yǔ)翻譯：直接推論，明顯是個(gè)結(jié)論，所以是重點(diǎn)，答案就在這一句中，而且要格外注意最后的疑問(wèn)句then where is the place of the truth?

　　中國(guó)人做的答案都很短，有強(qiáng)烈的總結(jié)性和概括性，不照抄原文。大意為：如果一個(gè)借口足夠好即使它不是真實(shí)的，那么真理將擺在哪里呢?答案為C。

　　結(jié)論題。出題方法一般為 What can we conclude from the passage? or What is the conclusion of the passage? 結(jié)論一詞的含義是：到最后將觀點(diǎn)總結(jié)，所以這種題的答案在文章最后。

　　E。 主旨大意題。出題方法一般為what is main idea or general idea of the passage? or what is the passage mainly about? What is the writer’s or author’s purpose to write the passage?如上文所述，外語(yǔ)文章邏輯關(guān)系多為歸納思維或演繹思維，所以一篇文章的重點(diǎn)都藏在開頭段或結(jié)尾段中，甚至就在開頭句和結(jié)尾句中。如若感覺兩側(cè)沒有重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，那么就藏在文章中間最短的段落中，尤其是帶轉(zhuǎn)折句、疑問(wèn)句或否定句的短段落之中，因?yàn)檫@種段落有承上啟下的作用。還以上面那篇文章為例：分析如上文，可以選出答案為C，既有總結(jié)性又有概括性，即為模糊性和科學(xué)性。A和D為此段文字中的只言片語(yǔ)，B將原文的意思放大和夸張。

　　The passage is mainly about _______。

　　A。 ways of being more intelligent

　　B。 differences between men and women

　　C。 studies on brains between two sexes

　　D。 studies on white matter and grey matter

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