| 第 1 頁(yè)：模擬試卷 |
| 第 5 頁(yè)：答案及解析 |
二、簡(jiǎn)答題
31.【參考答案】
采用演繹法教授語(yǔ)法，教師首先直接講解語(yǔ)法規(guī)則并舉例說(shuō)明，然后讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行各種替換練習(xí)、句子練習(xí)等訓(xùn)練。這種教學(xué)方式講解清楚，易于理解。比較適合具有強(qiáng)烈學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的學(xué)習(xí)者。但是在這種方式下，學(xué)生對(duì)教師的依賴性比較強(qiáng)，學(xué)到的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)也容易遺忘。演繹法注重形式而非使用，學(xué)生處于被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)的狀態(tài)。采用歸納法教授語(yǔ)法.教師讓學(xué)生首先接觸含有語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的語(yǔ)境.然后根據(jù)上下文的信息歸納出語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。這種方法可以增加學(xué)生和語(yǔ)言的接觸，有助于激發(fā)學(xué)生的參與。使學(xué)生理解語(yǔ)法所適用的語(yǔ)境、所表達(dá)的含義以及所承載的功能，分析歸納總結(jié)語(yǔ)言使用規(guī)律，深化學(xué)生對(duì)用法的理解，有助于學(xué)生分析能力和注意力的培養(yǎng)。但是使用歸納法教授語(yǔ)法，對(duì)學(xué)生和教師的要求都很高，學(xué)生必須能夠主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)，愿意動(dòng)腦筋，否則會(huì)對(duì)規(guī)則的印象不深.難以鞏固。
三、教學(xué)情境分析題
32.【參考答案】
(1)該學(xué)生犯了13語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，用錯(cuò)了動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的形式。即My mum buyed the dress for me.buyed→bought，She buyed it in town.buyed→bought。
(2)該教師采用了重述法(Recasts)來(lái)糾正學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤。教師對(duì)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言表達(dá)中的錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行了含蓄糾正。即先進(jìn)行部分肯定之后用正確的語(yǔ)言重述學(xué)生的表達(dá)，不指出錯(cuò)誤，而通過(guò)不同的語(yǔ)氣(如反問(wèn))、語(yǔ)調(diào)、眼神、動(dòng)作等，讓學(xué)生自己意識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。此糾錯(cuò)技巧對(duì)于糾正學(xué)生口語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤比較有效。
(3)①直接糾錯(cuò)法(Explicit Correction)
當(dāng)學(xué)生出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，教師打斷語(yǔ)言訓(xùn)練或?qū)嵺`活動(dòng)，對(duì)其錯(cuò)誤予以正面糾正(說(shuō)出正確的語(yǔ)言形式。并讓學(xué)生改正)。這種糾錯(cuò)方式常用于旨在讓學(xué)生掌握正確的語(yǔ)言形式而進(jìn)行的機(jī)械操練或側(cè)重語(yǔ)言精確輸出的各種練習(xí)中。教師可用以下課堂用語(yǔ)：You should say…/No，you shouldn’t say that…/Read after me./Pay attention
to…/Oh，you mean…，We don’t say…in English，we say…等，例如：
T：What did you do last night?
S：I go to see a movie with my parents.
T：Oh.You should say“I went to see a movie with my parents”.
S：Oh.sorry.1 went to see a movie with my parents.
�、趶�(qiáng)調(diào)糾錯(cuò)法(Pinpointing)
教師重復(fù)學(xué)生的話.有意重讀并拖長(zhǎng)出錯(cuò)部分的發(fā)音或用升調(diào)以表示特別強(qiáng)調(diào)。這種方法常用于學(xué)生的自我糾錯(cuò)。這樣既能糾正學(xué)生的口語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤，保證學(xué)生順利進(jìn)行口頭敘述，又能顧及學(xué)生的自尊心，促進(jìn)他們參與口語(yǔ)活動(dòng)的積極性。例如：
T：Where did you go on vacation this summer?
S：I go to Hong Kong for my vacation.
T：You go to Hong Kong?
S：Oh.1 went to Hong Kong for my vacation.
�、壑貜�(fù)糾錯(cuò)法(Repetition)
教師發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤后，可以要求學(xué)生重新回答，并使用“Once more./Pardon?/Repeat please."等對(duì)學(xué)生加以引導(dǎo)。例如：
S：Xiao Liu is watch TV.
T：He is watch TV?Pardon?
S：Xiao Liu is watching TV.
T：Right!Go on please.
教師在糾正學(xué)生的口語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，不應(yīng)僅限于一種糾錯(cuò)方法。在選擇糾錯(cuò)的方式上，應(yīng)綜合考慮教學(xué)效果，學(xué)習(xí)者的語(yǔ)言水平、性格特點(diǎn)以及情感因素，做到多種糾錯(cuò)方法靈活運(yùn)用。除以上幾種方法外，還有追問(wèn)法、等待法、反饋法等多種糾錯(cuò)法。
總之.在英語(yǔ)課堂上教師應(yīng)對(duì)學(xué)生口語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤的嚴(yán)重程度以及產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤的原因認(rèn)真進(jìn)行分析，充分把握好糾錯(cuò)的時(shí)機(jī)，采取靈活多樣的糾錯(cuò)策略，幫助學(xué)生克服因出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤而造成的語(yǔ)言障礙，發(fā)展自我糾錯(cuò)能力，提高口語(yǔ)水平。
四、教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)題
33.【參考設(shè)計(jì)】
Class Type: Reading class
Teaching Contents: The Road to Modern English
Teaching Objectives:
(1) Knowledge objective
Students can learn the development of English and the reasons that English has changed over time.
(2) Ability objective
Students can master predict the content of the text according to the tide and improve their reading abilities through the process of skimming and scanning.
(3) Emotional objective
Students can have a deeper impression of the popularity of English, realize the importance of learning English and have a higher motivation to learn it.
Teaching Key and Difficult Points:
How to make students predict before reading, get the general idea and the specific information while reading.
Major Steps:
Step 1 Pre-reading (6 minutes)
Activity 1 Guessing game
The teacher asks students to guess the meanings of the sentences which are written in old English.
As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,
So deep in luve am I;
And I will luve thee still, my dear,
Till a' the seas gang dry.
Then the teacher explains the background knowledge of the sentences.
(Justification: The guessing game can arouse students' interest in the topic and activate the class attnosphere.
Students will realize that the old English is different from modern English when talking about the meaning of these sentences written in old English, which will get them mentally prepared for the reading comprehension.)
Activity 2 Prediction
Ask students to make a prediction according to the title of the text.
(Justification: Students' predictions will get their mind closer to the theme of the text to be read and make their reading more intriguing and purposeful.)
Step 2 While-reading (12 minutes)
Activity I Skimming
The teacher asks students to read the text, check if they have made the right predictions and try to match the general idea of each paragraph.
Choose one or two groups to show their understanding, give comments and make a summary:
Paragraph 1Many people all over the world speak English.
Paragraph 2Why has English changed over time?
Paragraph 3English is now spoken in South Asia.
Paragraph 4Native speakers can understand each other even if they don' t speak the same kind of English.
Paragraph 5Finally by the 19th centurythe language was settled.
Then the teacher checks the answers.
(Justification: This step will help students confirm or reject their predictions and get the main idea of the text.)
Activity 2 Filling in the blanks
The teacher asks students listen to the recording of the text, underline the phrases that have something to do with the time and then fill in the form.
Then the teacher checks the answers.
(Justification: In the process of filling the form, students' reading skill of scanning for the detailed information will be improved, and it will help student understand the text logically.)
Step 3 Post-reading (7 minutes)
Activity 1 Retelling
T: Suppose you are an English teacher, and you have to give a brief introduction of the development of modern English to your students.
Then the teacher asks one of them to show his/her retelling.
Activity 2 Group discussion
The teacher lets students discuss the question why has English changed over time in groups and asks some of them to share their opinions in class.(The answers may vary. But it doesn't matter what their answers may be. The most important thing is to encourage them to express their own thoughts.)
The teacher then makes a summary and emphasizes the importance of learning English.
(Justification: Retelling will make students have a better understanding of the text, and the group discussion will encourage them to express their opinions freely.)
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