現(xiàn)在，我們用這種方法將前面所列的幾個(gè)“釘子”拔下。

　　If we define the "security" our image of various parts of the total system as the probability of their suffering significant changes, then we would reverse the order of hardness and see the social sciences as the most secure, the physical sciences as the least secure, and again the biological sciences as somewhere in between.

　　很顯然，If we define the "security" our image of various parts of the total system as the probability of their suffering significant changes,是條件從句，句子的主干是we would reverse… and see…as …,…as …, and …as ….,從句的主干是If we define … as…

　　At the same time, the politicians demand of scientists that they tailor their research to ‘economics needs’, that they award a higher priority to research proposals that are ‘near the market’ and can be translated into the greatest return on investment in the shortest time.

　　At the same time,為狀語(yǔ)，that are ‘near the market’ and can be translated into the greatest return on investment in the shortest time.是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，句子的主干是the politicians demand of scientists that…,that…兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的均為賓語(yǔ)從句。

　　When we learn that the distinguished professor assuring us of the safety of a particular product holds a consultancy with the company making it, we cannot be blamed for wondering whether his fee might conceivably cloud his professional judgment.

　　When we learn that the distinguished professor assuring us of the safety of a particular product holds a consultancy with the company making it, 是一個(gè)狀于從句，其中嵌套一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句that the distinguished professor assuring us of the safety of a particular product holds a consultancy with the company making it, assuring us of the safety of a particular product 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做professor的后置定語(yǔ)，making it做company的后置定語(yǔ)，it指代的是a particular product, 句子的主干是we cannot be blamed for …，wondering whether his fee might conceivably cloud his professional judgment.是一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，做for的賓語(yǔ)，其中嵌套賓語(yǔ)從句whether his fee might conceivably cloud his professional judgment.，在賓語(yǔ)從句中，cloud作動(dòng)詞，是“玷污”的意思。

　　在單詞和長(zhǎng)難句問(wèn)題基本上解決了之后，有些同學(xué)仍然不能再考試中取得閱讀部分高分，一個(gè)重要的原因是閱讀速度太慢。很多同學(xué)承認(rèn)，如果有一個(gè)小時(shí)到八十分鐘的時(shí)間用來(lái)做六級(jí)閱讀，得分將有大幅度的提高。然而，考試不相信虛擬語(yǔ)氣。閱讀速度慢的主要原因是對(duì)單詞和句子結(jié)構(gòu)不熟練。很多同學(xué)在閱讀中看到一些單詞后，第一反應(yīng)是這個(gè)單詞我 曾經(jīng)背過(guò)，但具體是什么意思，要么想不起來(lái)了或者需要幾秒鐘的時(shí)間才能想起來(lái)，這樣，閱讀速度就慢了下來(lái)，一個(gè)完整的信息，被思考單詞的過(guò)程搞得支離破碎。在一些比較長(zhǎng)的句子方面，也因?yàn)樾枰�花較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間去識(shí)別和破解句式，因而影響了閱讀速度。很多同學(xué)因?yàn)閷?duì)一些詞匯和句式不熟練，結(jié)果邊讀邊翻譯成漢語(yǔ)，才能理解文章說(shuō)了些什么，甚至在讀完后面的一些句子后，忘掉了前面句子的表達(dá)內(nèi)容，從而需要回讀才能夠理解作者表達(dá)的完整信息。所有這些，就會(huì)極大地降低閱讀速度。如果現(xiàn)在讓我們?nèi)プx高中的英語(yǔ)課文，我們肯定不用譯讀和回讀，因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)文章所涉及到的單詞和句子結(jié)構(gòu)太熟悉了，就如同我們聽(tīng)到How are you?不用再想漢語(yǔ)什么意思就知道該怎么回答一樣。

　　提高熟練程度的主要方法是有效的重復(fù)，這是人類(lèi)乃至動(dòng)物學(xué)語(yǔ)言的基本原則。有效的重復(fù)是指在把句子所涉及到的詞匯和句式徹底搞清楚的情況下，再閱讀很多遍，達(dá)到很熟練甚至能夠背誦的程度，這樣，在下次閱讀中如果出現(xiàn)類(lèi)似的詞匯和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，就能夠很快的識(shí)別出來(lái)，從而最大限度的降低花在思考詞匯含義和識(shí)別句式上的時(shí)間，從而有效的提高閱讀速度。

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