、俦硎緯r間或地點的英語介詞,譯成漢語如出現(xiàn)在句首,大都不譯。如: There are four seasons in a year. 一年有四季。 Many water power stations have been built in the country. 我國已建成許多水電站。 、谟行┙樵~如for(為了),from(從……),to(對……),on(在……時)等,可以不譯。如: The barometer is a good instrument for measuring air pressure. 氣壓計是測量氣壓的好儀器。 The air was removed from between the two pipes. 兩根管子之間的空氣已經(jīng)抽出。 Answers to questions 2 and 3 may be obtained in the laboratory. 問題2和3的答案可以在實驗室里得到。 Most substances expand on heating and contract on cooling. 大多數(shù)物質(zhì)熱脹冷縮。 ③表示與主語有關(guān)的某一方面、范圍或內(nèi)容的介詞有時不譯,可把介詞的賓語譯成漢語主語。如: Something has gone wrong with the engine. 這臺發(fā)動機出了毛病。 Gold is similar in color to brass. 金子的顏色和黃銅相似。 Its never occurred to me that bats are really guided by their ears. 我從未想到蝙蝠居然是靠耳朵引路的。 、懿簧賝f介詞短語在句中作定語。其中of(……的)往往不譯。如: The change of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done in motors. 電能變?yōu)闄C械能是通過電動機實現(xiàn)的。 (of短語和change在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系,可譯成立謂結(jié)構(gòu)。) Some of the properties of cathode rays listed below. 現(xiàn)將陰極射線的一些特性開列如下。(第一個of短語和some在邏輯上有部分關(guān)系,Of不譯出。)
。5)反譯:在不少情況下,有的介詞短語如不從反面著筆,譯文就不通,這時必須反譯。如: 、賐eyond, past,against等表示超過某限度的能力或反對....時,其短語有時用反譯法。如: It is post repair. 這東西無法修補了。 There are some arguments against the possibility of life on this planet. 有些論據(jù)不同意這行星上可能有生物。 Radio telescopes have been able to probe space beyond the range of ordinary optical telescopes. 射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡已能探測普通光學(xué)望遠(yuǎn)鏡達(dá)不到的宇宙空間。 、趏ff, from等表示地點,距離時,有時有反譯法。如: The boat sank off the coast. 這只船在離海岸不遠(yuǎn)處沉沒了。 、踒ut,except,besides等表示除去、除外時,有時用反譯法。 Copper is the best conductor but silver. 銅是僅次于銀的最優(yōu)導(dǎo)體。 The mdelecular formula, C6H14, does not show anything except the total number of carbon and hydrogen atoms. 分子式C6H14只用來表示碳原子和氫原子的總數(shù)。 、躥rom,in等介詞短語作補足語時,有時用反譯法。如: An iron case will keep the Earths magnetic field away from the compass. 鐵箱能使地球磁場影響不了指南針。 The signal was shown about the machine being order .信號表明機器設(shè)有毛病。 介詞的翻譯須根據(jù)上下文和詞的搭配靈活處理,切忌作對號入座的機械翻譯。