2007年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)講義——四級(jí)寫(xiě)作（下）

　　三、對(duì)比題型 (Contrast and Comparison)

　　所謂對(duì)比題型作文是指針對(duì)某個(gè)問(wèn)題，有兩種不同觀點(diǎn)，要求考生對(duì)這兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析，說(shuō)明理由。其常見(jiàn)形式是：一、目前存在某個(gè)問(wèn)題，人們有不同的觀點(diǎn);二、兩種觀點(diǎn)各自的理由;三、我的看法。大家看一下往年的一些考試題目，體會(huì)一下該題型的特點(diǎn)。

　　實(shí)例1----1999年6月真題

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively Or Extensively? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

　　l 有人認(rèn)為讀書(shū)要有選擇

　　l 有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)博覽群書(shū)

　　l 我的看法

　　Model Composition

　　Reading Selectively Or Extensively?

　　When it comes to the choice between reading selectively or extensively, different people have different opinions. Some argue that we should be careful in choosing reading materials, while others maintain that we can benefit more from reading as many kinds of books as possible.

　　The first group have their arguments as follows. On the one hand, our time is limited, therefore, we have to put our efforts in the most important books. On the other hand, we need specialized knowledge in order to find a good job.

　　However, other people believe we should read extensively. For one thing, extensive reading can broaden our horizon. For another, we need a broad education to better understand the world around us.

　　As far as I am concerned, I prefer to read extensively because I have a wide range of interests, such as in literature, in computer science and so on. As a result, extensive reading may satisfy my need and make me happy. (160 words)

　　實(shí)例2----2000年6月真題

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:

　　l 很多人認(rèn)為有必要舉行英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)考試，理由是……

　　l 也有人持不同的意見(jiàn)，……

　　l 我的看法和打算

　　Model Composition

　　A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). There are many arguments about whether a test of spoken English is necessary or not.

　　Some people believe it to be the only way to test how examinees speak English, that is, how well they do in pronunciation, intonation, fluency and etc. On the other hand, some hold that a test of spoken English cannot measure how well the students have done in English speaking. The worse is that it can do nothing but burden the students and make them demotivated under the pressure of an examination.

　　As for me, I think a test of spoken English in CET can show what and how well the examinees have done in English speaking. The results of the spoken test are just like mirrors, through which the examinees can check their work and become aware of which aspects they are not good at, so that they will make much improvement training concerned. As far as examinees ar concerned, they can mot only know they have done but also find out what they still don’t know or what they have not mastered well. Thus they will be inspired to greater efforts to improve their studying method so as to make greater progress.

　　In summary, a test of spoken English does more good than harm for examinees. We should take a positive attitude towards it. We should take full advantage of it and avoid its disadvantages.

　　實(shí)例3-06年12月真題

　　The Spring Festival Gala

　　1、 許多人喜歡在除夕觀看春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)

　　2、 有些人卻提出取消春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)

　　3、 在我看來(lái)……

　　Model Composition

　　There is always a heated discussion over the issue of the Spring Festival Gala organized by CCTV before and after the Chinese Lunar New Year. Some people are in favor of the program, while others maintain that the program is a waste of money and time.

　　In the eyes of the first group of people, the Spring Festival Gala should be encouraged for the following reasons. First, the gala has become a tradition for most people to spend the holiday, and they feel that they can find nothing else to do. Besides, the program can offer some talking materials for their family, friends and relatives.

　　However, those who argue against the gala and propose to cancel it also have their reasons. To begin with, the gala costs a lot, but the quality is not as good as expected. What’s more, people may do something else if the gals is cancelled. For example, the family may play games, or chat with each other to the relation between each much closer.

　　As is discussed above, it is obvious that there is some truth in both arguments. In my opinion, the program does more harm than good if watching it is the only thing to do on the eve of the lunar new year. It is likely to make this most important festival boring and meaningless.

　　Follow-up Exercises

　　1995年1月真題

　　Can Money Buy Happiness?

　　l 有人認(rèn)為金錢(qián)是幸福之本(source of happiness);

　　l 也有人認(rèn)為金錢(qián)是萬(wàn)惡之源(root of all evil);

　　l 我的看法。

　　1996年1月真題

　　The Two-day Weekend

　　l 雙休日給大學(xué)生帶來(lái)的好處;

　　l 問(wèn)題;

　　l 我應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣過(guò)好雙休日。

　　1998年6月真題

　　Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? (1998. 6)

　　l 有些人認(rèn)為某些數(shù)字會(huì)帶來(lái)好運(yùn);

　　l 有人認(rèn)為數(shù)字和運(yùn)氣無(wú)關(guān)。

　　范文(略)，可自己練習(xí)

　　四、 問(wèn)題解決題型 (Problem Solution)

　　問(wèn)題解決型作文和對(duì)比題型作文是大學(xué)英語(yǔ)測(cè)試經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的題型。如在圖表作文中，第一段要求大家對(duì)圖表描述，而往往在第二段、第三段就要求分析原因和提出解決方法。至于提綱型作文則很大以部分是提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題的兩種不同看法，讓大家進(jìn)行分析。從這個(gè)意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，這兩種題型是四級(jí)作文考試的核心題型。

　　所謂問(wèn)題解決題型是指題目要求大家對(duì)社會(huì)上存在的某個(gè)問(wèn)題提出解決方法;其常見(jiàn)形式是：一、目前存在某個(gè)問(wèn)題;二、這種問(wèn)題的危害或產(chǎn)生原因;三、給出解決方法。

　　實(shí)例1----2001年1月真題

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below：

　　l 上大學(xué)的費(fèi)用(tuition and fees)可以通過(guò)多種渠道解決

　　l 那種渠道適合于我(說(shuō)明理由)

　　Model Composition

　　How I Finance My College Education

　　Nowadays, tuition and fees for college education are much higher than ever before. How to finance college education has become a matter of concern for many students.

　　Different people have different ways to solve this problem. Some get all of the money from their parents. Some apply for a loan especially set up for college students. Some acquire the money completely by themselves, doing a full-time job in summer or winter holiday. Some other students may ask their parents for most of it and earn the rest in their spare time in college, by doing a part-time job.

　　As far as I’m concerned, I prefer the last way. Having acquired most of the tuition and fees from my parents, I needn’t worry too much about the money and can concentrate on my study; on the other hand, a part-time job in my spare time makes my campus-life colorful. I can make a lot of friends, improve my abilities and learn lots of knowledge. So, I choose this way to cover my tuition and fees.

　　實(shí)例2----2001年1月真題

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: How to Succeed in a Job interview? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:

　　n 面試在求職過(guò)程中的作用

　　n 取得面試成功的因素：儀表、舉止談吐、能力、專業(yè)知識(shí)、自信、實(shí)事求是……

　　Model Composition

　　How to Succeed in a Job Interview

　　Job interviews are very important. Knowing how to take a good interview is important because, to some extent, to succeed in a job interview means to be offered a desirable job. First impressions are of paramount importance. The following points can help you impress the interviewer favorably.

　　First of all, be careful of your appearance. Your dress should be formal, neat and proper for the occasion. Secondly, punctuality is vital and make sure to arrive on time. Thirdly, be confident in yourself but speak to the interviewer in a polite manner, and be modest but not humble about your capacity, which would leave a good impression on your would-be boss.

　　A job interview is a potential opportunity and challenge to acquire a good job. The difference between a person who succeeds and one who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities and challenges. A successful person is always well prepared to meet both of them as they arrive. Try to follow the tips mentioned above and you are sure to succeed.

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