新東方：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試閱讀30天學(xué)習(xí)筆記

　　A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades

　　注：D選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤推理

　　70. The phrase "token economies" (Line 1, Para. 5) probably refers to _________.

　　A) ways to develop economy

　　B) systems of rewarding students

　　C) approaches to solving problems

　　D) methods of improving performance

　　注：1.token economy 是與“外部獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”有關(guān)的內(nèi)容

　　2.A選項(xiàng)是字面意思。有文章主題詞的選項(xiàng)優(yōu)選，本文主題詞 reward

　　In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.

　　69. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe _________.

　　A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students

　　B) punishment is more effective than rewarding

　　C) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards

　　D) discouraging the students' anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency

　　Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage:

　　61. By "... challenges explanation" ( Line 2, Para. 1) the author means that _________

　　A) no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon

　　B) no explanation has been made up to now

　　C) it' s no easy job to provide an adequate explanation

　　D) it' s high time that an explanation was provided

　　注：詞匯題

　　62. The third paragraph is mainly about ________

　　A) the development of babies' early forms of language

　　B) the difficulties of babies in learning to speak

　　C) babies' strong desire to communicate

　　D) babies' intention to communicate

　　注：段落主題題

　　63. The author' s purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children _________.

　　A) usually obey without asking questions

　　B) are passive in the process of learning to speak

　　C) are born cooperative

　　D) learn to speak by listening

　　注：段落主題題