2012年12月英語四級(jí)考試閱讀習(xí)題及答案解析(8)

　　2012.12英語四級(jí)篇章詞匯閱讀篇(8)

　　Passage 8

　　Nowadays, is it possible to tell a person’s class just by looking at him? Physical details __1__ tell us about health, diet and type of work done. A hundred years ago the working class very often lookd unhealthy, small and were either too thin or too fat. The upper classes were often __2__, sporting types who were used to a good diet and looked healthy. Today living and working conditions have improved, and such __3__ would no longer be so true.

　　The clothes people choose to wear, however, do provide information about their __4__. The most obvious way in which is for the amount of money spent on them. Expensive clothes look expensive and show their wearer had money. Clothes can provide other __5__ as well. The upper classes __6__ to be less interested in fashion and wear good quality clothes in non-bright colours, made of natural material like wool, leather or cotton. Lower working class people often choose clothes in bright colours, made of man-made material. A sociological explanation for this would be that color and interest are mssing from their lives, and therefore any opportunity to introduce this is __7__.

　　Clothes are __8__ at a price within most people’s reach. New clothes make the wearer feel good, and show some __9__ of wealth to the outside world. Today some new fashions are started by the lower working class people who want to look __10__ and feel important. They want people to look at them.

　　A) available B) background C) different D) tall

　　E) totally F) taken G) descriptions H) degree

　　I) clues J) alone K) appear L) consider

　　M) full N) hobby O)fetched

　　參考答案及解析：

　　1.選J)。此處應(yīng)填副詞�？蛇x項(xiàng)有totally和alone，由前一句中just可推出，外表上的細(xì)節(jié)僅僅能告訴我們這個(gè)人的健康狀況，平時(shí)的營養(yǎng)狀況以及他所從事的工作而不能看出他所處的階級(jí)，故排除totally而選alone“惟一”。

　　2.選D)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。因此此句和前一句是在將以前的工人階級(jí)和上層階級(jí)的身體狀況進(jìn)行對(duì)比，故此處應(yīng)填與small“矮的”意思相反的詞，選項(xiàng)中只有tall符合題意。而full“豐滿的”不能用來修飾sporting types,故排除。

　　3.選G)。此處應(yīng)填名詞�，F(xiàn)在的生活和工作條件改善了，情況已經(jīng)不同了。而such指代的是上文中對(duì)一百年以前工人階級(jí)和上層階級(jí)的身體狀況的身體狀況的描述，故descriptions“描述”符合題意。

　　4.選B)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。根據(jù)句意“衣服可以提供...方面的信息”，選項(xiàng)中有background和hobby，選background“人的背景，社會(huì)階層”，符合文章主題。

　　5.選I)。由as well可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞且與本段首句中的informaiton的意思相近，選項(xiàng)中只有clues“線索”符合題意。

　　6.選K)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的原形。選項(xiàng)中有appear和consider,appear可直接接不定式;而consider帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，用于主動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，consider后面得接賓語，故選appear。

　　7選F)。這句中this指代bright colour，句子主干是any opportunity is...�？蛇x項(xiàng)有taken和fetched,take“抓住”則可以與opportunity搭配，但fetch“拿來”不能與opportunity構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配，故排除fetched而選taken。

　　8.選A)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。句子意思是“衣服的價(jià)錢......，大多數(shù)人都買得起�！边x項(xiàng)中只有available“可以接受的”符合題意。

　　9.選H)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。由a price within most people’s reach可推出，此處新衣服向外界顯示的是穿衣者的富裕程度，故選擇degree“程度”。

　　10.選C)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。由new fashions和feel important可推出工人階級(jí)想通過穿衣來改變他們，而選項(xiàng)中只有different“與眾不同的”符合此意，故選擇C)。

　　導(dǎo)讀：

　　Nowadays, is it possible to tell a person’s class just by looking at him? Physical details J) alone tell us about health, diet and type of work done. A hundred years ago the working class very often lookd unhealthy, small and were either too thin or too fat. The upper classes were often D) tall , sporting types( sporting types意為“運(yùn)動(dòng)員體型的人”，此處暗指的是The upper classes。) who were used to a good diet and looked healthy. Today living and working conditions have improved, and such G) descriptions would no longer be so true.

　　The clothes people choose to wear, however, do provide information about their B) background. The most obvious way in which is for the amount of money spent on them. Expensive clothes look expensive and show their wearer had money. Clothes can provide other I) clues as well. The upper classes K) appear ]to be less interested in fashion adn wear good quality clothes in non-bright colours, made of natural material like wool, leather or cotton. Lower working class people often choose clothes in bright colours, made of man-made material. A sociological explanation for this would be that color and interest are mssing from their lives, and therefore any opportunity to introduce this is F) taken . (A sociological... and therefore...。此句是一個(gè)雙重復(fù)合句。句子為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，主語是explanation，系動(dòng)詞為be，表語是由that引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)表語從句，而標(biāo)語從句中又有一個(gè)由therefore引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。for后面的this指代的是上文提到的下層階級(jí)選擇顏色鮮艷的衣服，而introduce后面的this指代的是color and interest，introduce本意為“傳入，引進(jìn) ”，在此理解為“增加”。)

　　Clothes are A) available at a price within most people’s reach. (within most people’s reach意為“在大多數(shù)人的能力范圍內(nèi)”，修飾price。)New clothes make the wearer feel good, and show some H) degree of wealth to the outside world. Today some new fashions are started by the lower working class people who want to look C) different and feel important. They want people to look at them.

　　全文翻譯：

　　如今，沒法一眼就判斷一個(gè)人屬于哪個(gè)階層。外表上的細(xì)節(jié)只能告訴我們這個(gè)人的健康狀況，平時(shí)的營養(yǎng)狀況以及他所從事的工作。而100年前，工人階級(jí)看上去常常顯得不健康，身材矮小，不是太瘦就是太胖。上層階級(jí)的人卻常常是身材高大的運(yùn)動(dòng)員體型，他們因?yàn)闋I養(yǎng)良好而看上去很健康。現(xiàn)在生活和工作條件改善了，那樣的描述已不再正確了。現(xiàn)在的人比100年前的人要高些。

　　然而，人們選擇的衣著確實(shí)給他們的背景提供了一些線索。最直觀的就是衣服的價(jià)格，價(jià)格不菲的衣服看上去很昂貴，也能顯示出穿衣者的富有。當(dāng)然衣服也能提供一些其他方面的線索。上層階級(jí)對(duì)潮流不那么感興趣。他們會(huì)穿質(zhì)地好，顏色暗一點(diǎn)的衣服，通常是由羊毛，皮革和棉花等天然材料制成的。而下層工人階級(jí)則挑一些顏色鮮艷由人工原料制成的衣服。社會(huì)學(xué)對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)的解釋是：工人階級(jí)的生活中缺乏亮麗的色彩，他們也無法去追求個(gè)人興趣，因此只要有機(jī)會(huì)增加色彩，他們就會(huì)抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。

　　服裝的價(jià)錢適當(dāng)，大部分人都買得起。新衣服能讓穿衣人感覺良好，同時(shí)也能向外界顯示出此人的富裕程度。但是現(xiàn)在，一些新潮流是從下層勞動(dòng)階級(jí)興起的。他們想讓自己看上去與眾不同并覺得自己很重要。他們只是想吸引別人的目光。

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