文都2006年春季英語六級講義—重點(diǎn)語法復(fù)習(xí)

5．一致性

1）時(shí)態(tài)一致

2）主謂一致

（1）時(shí)間，重量，長度，價(jià)值，面積，體積可以是單數(shù)

（2）and表示一個(gè)整體，用單數(shù)

bread and butter, cup and saucer, knife and fork, ebb and flow, needle and thread, trial and error, law and order

（3）people, police, cattle, poultry, militia, youth通常為復(fù)數(shù)；public, family, committee, audience, choir, class, club, company, council, crew, firm, gang,  school, staff, union, board, flock, government, jury可單可復(fù)

（4）any, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, every, everybody, everyone,  everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, somebody, someone, something

（5）with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, accompanied by, in addition to, rather than, besides, as much as

（6）either．．．or, neither．．．nor, not only．．．but also, not．．．but

（7）a number of, the number of

6． 形容詞和副詞

1）形容詞的詞序：限定詞（冠詞，代詞，所有格形式） +數(shù)詞或last, next等+一般描述性形容詞+大小，長短，高低+形狀+年齡，新舊+顏色+國籍，地區(qū)，出處+物質(zhì)材料+用途，類別+名詞中心詞

a bright red silk dress, a beautiful large green Chinese carpet

2）比較級和最高級

7．邏輯關(guān)系表達(dá)方式

（1）以when, whenever, as, since, till, until, before, after, as soon as, once, the moment, the instant, immediately, the day, no sooner．．．than, hardly/scarcely．．．when, instantly, every time, the minute, the second等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句：

Susan worked in the library until she transferred（調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)，調(diào)任）to the Advanced Training Center of State Power Corporation．

I'll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from Charlie．

Once she has made up her mind, Ross will never change．

Arthur and Molly were lovers when they were at college．

注意：when, while和as 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)用法上的區(qū)別。

When既可表示一時(shí)性的動(dòng)作又可表示持續(xù)的動(dòng)作；while不能表示一時(shí)性或短暫的動(dòng)作，只能表示持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；as則表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行或一個(gè)動(dòng)作和一個(gè)狀態(tài)同時(shí)進(jìn)行。如：

As Professor Li entered, the hall burst into thunderous applause（雷鳴般的掌聲） ．

Till和until用法上的異同。

Till可用作及物動(dòng)詞，如：Farmers till the land．（農(nóng)夫種田）；until則不能用作動(dòng)詞；until 比till強(qiáng)調(diào)，故用于句首時(shí)通常用until而不用till，在口語中常用till而不用until; Not until的強(qiáng)倒裝調(diào)句式不能用till替換，但注意not until開頭的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)用于It is （was）…that 這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句中時(shí)，從句和主句的主謂均不倒裝。如：It was not until Grace fell asleep that I left the room．

（2）由從屬連詞where, wherever, everywhere引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句表示的從屬結(jié)構(gòu)：

Wherever you go, I will be with you．

（3）由if, unless, providing/provided （that）, as long as, so long as, on condition that, suppose, supposing that, in case, if only引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。