閱讀難點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵句200之六(中英對照)
101. Thus in addition to the chances of going away from the right path outlined above, the scientific investigator shares with the ordinary citizen the possibilities of falling into errors of reasoning in the ways we have just indicated, and many others as well.
102. He made a hole and peering through, could see jewellery, and other objects stacked in piles in the shadows that extended beyond the beam of light penetrating the interior.
103. Neither Ayat nor the Rassoul brothers noticed, however, that most of the pieces they were selling were of a type not previously seen in the marketplace—pieces whose existence had been suspected but which had not yet been discovered by archaeologists.
104. “The biggest construction project of this century”, explained French President Francois Mitterand in January, 1986 as he and then British prime minister Margaret Thatcher jointly announced that the two countries would finally overcome ancient quarrels and prejudices and forge a link across the narrow Channel separating them.
105. Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae(水藻) of a size that could be collected in a net (net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton(浮游植物群落) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.
106. The converse observation, of the absence of grazers (食草動物)in areas of high phytoPlankton(浮游植物群落)concentration, led Hardy to propose his principle of animal exclusion , which hypothesized that phytoplankton produced a repellent(驅(qū)蟲劑) that excluded grazers from regions of high phytoplankton concentration.
107. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible at wave lengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emission(紅外輻射) radiated from the Earth’s surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space.
108. In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism(超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義), does this technique provide a counter point to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?
109. Roseenblatt’s thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works—yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results.
110. Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation (薛定諤的方程式)for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole (磁性偶極子), and relatiristic effects, and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field theoretical equations( 量子場論方程式).
111. Great comic artists assume that truth may bear all lights, and thus they seek to accentuate( 強(qiáng)調(diào)) contradictions in social action, not gloss over or transcend them by appeals to extrasocial symbols of divine ends, cosmic purpose, or laws of nature.
112. The hydrologic(水文地質(zhì)的) cycle, a major topic in this science, is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes, beginning as atmospheric water vapor, passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation (降水(量)), thence along and into the ground surface, and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transpiration(散發(fā)).
113. My point is that its central consciousness—its profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on people’s lives—owes much to that earlier literary heritage, a heritage that, in general, has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics.
114. In the early 1950’s historians who studies preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite (精華) : the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates (要人) who had hitherto (迄今) usually filled history books.
115. The historian Frederick J. Tuner wrote in the 1890’s that the agrarian(農(nóng)民) discontent (不滿) that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated (加速) by the closing of the internal frontier—that is , the depletion (枯竭) of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system.
116. Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of Saint-Beure’s blindness to the real nature of great writing, found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments, and allowed these to take over in a steadily developing novel.
117. The best evidence for the layered mantle (地幔) thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands, islands believed to result from mantle plumes (地柱) arising from the lower mantle, are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge system, whose source, most geologists contend, is the upper mantle.
118. In October 1838, I happened to read for amusement Malthus on Population, and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on, from long continued observation of the habits of animals and plants, it at once struck me that, under these circumstances, favorable variations would tend to be preserved, and unfavourable ones to be destroyed.
119. But these beliefs about peptide hormones (肽激素) were questioned as laboratory after laboratory found that antiserums(抗血清) to peptide hormones, when injected into the brain, bind in places other than the hypothalamus(下丘腦), indicating that either the hormones or substances that cross-react with the antiserums are present.
120 Proponents(支持者)of the so-called Golden Quadrangle (金四角)，which would link areas of Bruma, Laos, Thailand and China's Yunnan province, are seeking an Asian Development Bank feasibility study of joint development and business projects that could free the region's hinterlands(內(nèi)地)from their notorious dependence on the heroin trade.
第六部分(101-120句譯文)
101、因此除了以上列出的走彎路的可能性外，科學(xué)研究者們和普通人一樣，也有在我們剛才提到的思維方式上犯錯誤的可能性，以及在一些其他的方面。
102、他掏了個洞往里瞥去，能看見珠寶，在透進(jìn)去的光線之外的陰影里面，還有些堆成堆的其他東西。
103、阿雅特和羅索爾兄弟都不知道他們銷售的大部分都是以前在市場上面沒有人見過的東西——只被人們猜想過它的存在，但從來沒有考古學(xué)家真正發(fā)現(xiàn)過。
104、1986年1月，法國總統(tǒng)弗蘭西斯· 密特朗解釋說：“這是本世紀(jì)最大的建設(shè)項(xiàng)目�！碑�(dāng)時，他和英國首相瑪格麗特·撒切爾一起宣布兩國將克服一直以來的爭論和偏見，鋪設(shè)一條橫穿分隔兩國的狹長海峽的地下隧道。
105、也學(xué)是早期的許多研究只考慮了一種大小足以被浮游植物網(wǎng)采集的水藻，而這種做法忽略了更小的浮游植物—現(xiàn)在我們知道食草動物很可能以它為生。這些事實(shí)和做法導(dǎo)致了在后面的研究中對食草動物的忽視。
106、相反的觀察，即在浮游植物群落高度集中的地方缺乏食草動物的現(xiàn)象，使哈笛提出了他的“動物排除”理論，該理論假設(shè)浮游植物群落能產(chǎn)生一種驅(qū)蟲劑趕走在浮游植物高度集中區(qū)域內(nèi)的食草動物。
107、盡管這些分子能夠透過可見光，陽光的大部分熱量?都集中在這個波段，但是它們吸收長波，從地表來的紅外輻射，或者將有些輻射折射回空中。
108、此外，一些黑人小說的風(fēng)格，像Jean Toomer的Cane，就接近于表現(xiàn)主義或者超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義，這種巧合是否給流行描述黑人主人公與命運(yùn)對抗的主題提供了一個反襯點(diǎn)，或者經(jīng)常被更加自然的表達(dá)模式所傳達(dá)的主題?
109、Roseenblatt的主題分析非常有客觀性，他甚至明確地說他并不愿判斷各種作品的價值—但他的說法似乎有些不對頭，特別是有時贊美的嘗試可能產(chǎn)生有趣的結(jié)果。
110、這樣，對于數(shù)學(xué)家們來說是非常驚詫的，例如，薛定諤方程式并不是氫原子的準(zhǔn)確描述，而只是某種程度上的近似值。它近似于另外一種描述磁性偶極子相對效果的方程，而這個方程本身又是一套不定量子場論方程的近似值。
111、大喜劇家們認(rèn)為真理需要各種啟示，因此他們開始強(qiáng)調(diào)社會活動中的各種矛盾，而不是掩飾或者通過非社會象征的神圣結(jié)局和喜劇目的、自然規(guī)律來超越它。
112、水文地質(zhì)循環(huán)是這一科學(xué)里面的一個重要課題，它是水的完全循環(huán)過程。這一過程從水蒸汽開始中，以降水量的形式成為液態(tài)或者固態(tài)水，這樣就到了地表，最后又通過蒸發(fā)或者散發(fā)方式回到水蒸汽的狀態(tài)。
113、我認(rèn)為它的關(guān)鍵意識——它對于階級和性的深遠(yuǎn)理解對人們的生活有著重要影響——很大程度上歸功于文化遺產(chǎn)，總的來說，當(dāng)代的文藝批評家并未對此給予足夠評價。
114、早在20世紀(jì)50年代，許多研究前工業(yè)時代歐洲(我們可將其粗略定義為1300年至1800年間的歐洲)的歷史學(xué)家們開始研究更多的歐洲人群，而不僅僅局在只占人口總數(shù)2%到3%的那些至今還充斥著歷史書籍的政治、社會、精英人物：國王、將軍、法官、貴族主教和地方要人。
115、歷史學(xué)家Frederick J Tuner在19世紀(jì)90年代寫道：自1870年以來美國農(nóng)民的不滿一直在緩慢增長，直到1870年關(guān)閉了內(nèi)部前沿以后就被加速了——就是說，用于擴(kuò)張農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)的新土地資源已經(jīng)枯竭了。
116、Fallois提出Proust 1908年就開始寫小說了，因?yàn)镾aint-Beure對于寫作的真實(shí)性質(zhì)的忽視，他把小說放置了。后來開始流行個人回憶錄和科幻小說，這些東西和小說一起穩(wěn)步地發(fā)展。
117、分層地幔的最好證據(jù)就是在海島上發(fā)現(xiàn)的火山巖這一明顯的事實(shí)。島嶼被認(rèn)為是從低層地幔升起的地柱形成的，它構(gòu)成的基本成份與海中的山脊系統(tǒng)根本不同，許多地質(zhì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為它起源于上層地幔。
118、1838年10月，我隨便讀了《馬爾薩散人口論》，很欣賞書的到處都有的生存競爭，經(jīng)過對動物和植物生存習(xí)性的長期觀察，我忽然想到這種環(huán)境下，有利于生存的變化被保留了，而不利于生存變化被消除了。
119、但是這些對于肽激素的信仿，被一個又一個的實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)疑，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)抗血清被注入大腦后，并不在下丘腦那里才凝固，顯示出肽激素和與抗血清反作用的物質(zhì)都不存在。
120、連接著緬甸、老撾、泰國和中國云南省的區(qū)域構(gòu)成了所謂的金三角，它的支持者們正尋求亞洲發(fā)展銀行進(jìn)行合作開發(fā)的可行性研究，以此來使其區(qū)域內(nèi)地擺脫對臭名昭著的海洛因貿(mào)易的依靠。
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