2008年考研英語模擬試題一及答案解析

Section Ⅰ Use of English
　　Directions：

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）

　　Scientists and philosophers of science tend to speak as if “scientific language” were intrinsically precise， as if those who use it must understand one another's meaning， 1 they disagree. But， 2， scientific language is not as different from3language as is commonly believed； it， too， is 4 to imprecision and ambiguity and hence to 5 understanding. Moreover， new theories （or arguments） are rarely，6， constructed by way of clear-cut steps of induction， deduction， and 7 （or falsification）。 Neither are they defended， rejected， or accepted in 8 straight forward a manner. 9， scientists combine the rules of scientific 10 with a generous mixture of intuition， aesthetics， and philosophical 11. The importance of what are sometimes called extralogical components of thought in the discovery of a new principle or laws is generally 12. We 13 recall Einstein's description： “To these elementary laws there leads no logical path， 14 intuition， supported by being sympathetically in 15 with experience.” But the role of these extralogical components in persuasion and acceptance （in making an argument 16） is less frequently discussed， partly because they are less 17. The ways in which the credibility or effectiveness of a 18 depends on a realm of common experiences， on extensive practice in communicating those experiences in a common language， are hard to see precisely because such19are taken for granted. Only when we step out of such a “consensual domain”—when we can stand out on the periphery of a 20 with a common language.

　　1�保跘］ even if�。跙］ unless�。跜］ though�。跠］ if

　　2�保跘］ in question�。跙］ in relief�。跜］ in fact　［D］ in prospect

　　3�保跘］ standard�。跙］ popular�。跜］ vulgar�。跠］ ordinary

　　4�保跘］ susceptible　［B］ subject�。跜］ immune　［D］ related

　　5�保跘］ imperfect　［B］ perfect�。跜］ impersonal�。跠］ personal

　　6�保跘］ if so［B］ if not all［C］ if ever［D］ if any

　　7�保跘］ verge［B］ verification［C］ justice［D］ certainty

　　8�保跘］ so［B］ such［C］ too［D］ very

　　9�保跘］ In brief［B］ In advance［C］ In practice［D］ In company

　　10�保跘］ psychology［B］ methodology［C］ archaeology［D］ theology

　　11�保跘］ community［B］ communication［C］ committee［D］ commitment

　　12�保跘］ acknowledged［B］ confessed［C］ abandoned［D］ refined

　　13�保跘］ may［B］ ought to［C］ were to［D］ would

　　14�保跘］ but rather［B］ no more than［C］ but only［D］ less more than

　　15�保跘］ pursuit［B］ touch［C］ proportion［D］ terms

　　16�保跘］ convincing［B］ wordy［C］ ensured［D］ unreasonable

　　17�保跘］ visual［B］ informed［C］ imaginative［D］ visible

　　18�保跘］ statement［B］ argument［C］ assertion［D］ style

　　19�保跘］ commodities［B］ commons［C］ commonalities［D］ commonwealth

　　20�保跘］ community［B］ person［C］ country［D］ nation

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions：

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on ANWER SHEET 1. （40 points）

　　Text 1

　　The Food and Drug Administration said Wednesday that it is trying to track down as many as 386 piglets that may have been genetically engineered and wrongfully sold into the U.S. food supply.

　　The focus of the FDA investigation is pigs raised by researchers at the University of Illinois in Urbana Champaign. They engineered the animals with two genes： One is a cow gene that increases milk production in the sow. The other， a synthetic gene， makes the milk easier for piglets to digest. The goal was to raise bigger pigs faster.

　　There has been no evidence that either genetically altered plants or animals actually trigger human illness， but critics warn that potential side effects remain unknown. University officials say their tests showed the piglets were not born with the altered genes， but FDA rules require even the offspring of genetically engineered animals to be destroyed so they don't get into the food supply.
　　The FDA， in a quickly arranged news conference Wednesday prompted by inquiries by USA TODAY， said the University of Illinois will face possible sanctions and fines for selling the piglets to a livestock broker， who in turn sells to processing plants.

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