三． 段落
1． 段落的特性
1） 單一：Pollution has become a serious problem about which we worry. Wherever we turn we find pollution: polluted air, polluted water, polluted food and polluted environment. As we know, this is threatening the very survival of the human race.
2） 連貫：In order to know what the weather will be, special people are hired to provide this information. These people are called weathermen. They work in a weather station every day. Some of them observe the weather; the others analyze weather information; and still others make forecast about the weather. It is known that their work can save thousands of lives and millions of dollars in property damage.
3） 過渡：The traditional husband is different form modern husband in certain aspects. First of all, the traditional husband usually made the big decisions about spending money. However, the modern husband shares these decisions with his working wife. In addition, the traditional husband did not help with housework. In contrast, the modern husband helps his working wife at home. He may do some of the household jobs, and it is not unusual for him to cook.
2． 段落的構(gòu)成
1）開頭段
（1）開頭段的表達(dá)方法
① 主題句法（use of topic sentence）
Now people become increasingly aware of the importance of acquiring a mastery of a foreign language. To them, the knowledge of a foreign language, say, English, often means a good opportunity for one’s career, even a passport to a prosperous future. Many of them equate success in life with the ability of speaking a foreign language.
② 使用引語(yǔ)（use a quotation）
“Great minds must be ready not only to take the opportunity, but to make them.” Colton, a great writer once remarked. But it still has a profound significance now. To a person, in whose lifetime opportunities are not many, to make opportunities is more essential to his success.
③ 使用具體詳實(shí)的數(shù)字或數(shù)據(jù)（use figures or statistics）
In the past 5 years there has been a marked decline in the number of young married couples who want to have children, coupled with a growing trend toward delayed childbearing. According to official statistics, in 2003, about 28 percent of married couples with wives under 35 gave no birth to children, compared with the 1993 level of 8 percent.
④ 提出問題（ask a question）
What do you want from your work? Money? Promotions? Interesting challenges? Continual learning? Work-based friendships? The opportunity to develop your own idea and potentials? Though we are all individuals and so our answers will differ, all agree that work provides more than material things.
⑤ 給出背景（offer relevant background）
Once in a newspaper I read a crowd of people who remained appallingly indifferent to the plea of a mother. As she failed to offer the required amount of cash as a price to save her drowning son, the woman at last watched her son sink to death. The story is not rare in newspapers and on TV, and the casualness and detachment our people now have developed has aroused nationwide concern.
It was reported in the newspaper that a student killed four of his classmates just because of a trivial matter. It can be easily seen that pressure has become a serious issue we cannot neglect.
⑥ 定義法（give definition）
Flexibility is defined as being adaptable to change. In the course of your lifetime, it is essential that you learn to bend and flex around every new circumstance, as rigidity deprives you of the opportunity to see new possibilities. Paradigms change over time, and so must you. Your company may restructure, and you will have to survive. Your spouse may choose to leave the marriage, and you will have to cope. Technology will continue to advance and change, and you must constantly learn and adapt or risk becoming a dinosaur. Flexibility allows you to be ready for whatever curve lies ahead in life instead of getting blindsided by it.
