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三、實詞類題典及解題方法
1. 名詞考點
【復習題典】
☆A potful of evidence suggests that the antioxidants and polyphenols in tea help protect you from stroke and heart attack, Alzheimer’s disease, arthritis, and cancers of the lung, mouth, breast, pancreas, prostate and skin. The essential oils found in the leaves even aid (1)digestion by increasing the flow of digestive juices.
(1)[A]deterioration [B]digestion [C]destination [D]distinction
☆ Formerly remote(2)and cooking styles are creating a whole new fashion as they are transplanted and reinterpreted all over the world.
(2)[A]components [B]foods [C]ingredients [D]stuffs
☆Look for liking greens and fried chicken on the menus of upscale restaurants. Fastcasual restaurants-trendy specialities(特色食品;土特產(chǎn)[大綱難詞]) that combine speed and quality—should keep growing in(3) .(3)[A]population [B]popularity [C]quantity [D]prosperity☆People will need knowledge of[注意搭配]food and ingredients[大綱難詞] from different continents and cultures as one aspect of4, cultural exchange, and success.
(4) [A]socialization[B]realization[C]standardization[D]localization
☆ Managers must become proficient crosscultural communicators if they wish to succeed in today’s global environment. Culture consists of the values, attitudes, and(5)in a given group of most of the people most of the time. Managerial communication is communication in a management(6)to achieve a desired result (writing a memo, interviewing an applicant, running a meeting, preparing a presentation). If you are working in a different culture, you may have to reconsider your communication objective and evaluate its(7).
(5)[A]performance [B]achievement [C]behavior [D]progress
(6)[A]context [B]contest [C]contrast [D]contract
(7)[A]visibility [B]viability [C]variability [D]validity
☆ The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) estimates that, on average, each person in the United States throws out about 328 pounds of edible food each year. Food bought with the best(8)sits for weeks on end as busy consumers tuck it in the refrigerator and forget about it. And when it seems time to either eat it or toss it, most people(9)the freshness dates (a. k. a. ‘use by’,‘sell by’, and ‘best if used by’ ) printed on the packages.
(8)[A]intentions [B]interests [C]explanations[D]purposes
(9)[A]decide on [B]rely on [C]comment on [D]press on
☆ I’m not saying you should eschew the occasional night on the town or gourmet meal at a fivestar restaurant. Both have their(10)and are components of a wellrounded life. I’ve enjoyed my share of revelry and fine(11)and look forward to those special opportunities to experience more of the good life. But I’ve managed to find a balance between those(12)pleasures and a permanent adherence to a regular workout and a healthy diet. Because,(13), it is the latter that will have a lasting improvement on the overall quality of my life.
(10)[A]place [B]position [C]location [D]attraction
(11)[A]meal [B]diet [C]dining [D]eating
(12)[A]short-dated [B]short-lived
[C]short-legged [D]short-tempered
(13)[A]in a word [B]in the end [C]in the future[D]in a nutshell
本小節(jié)答案精解
(1) [答案][B]digestion
[考點]名詞辨析,根據(jù)上下文選擇合適的名詞。
[解析]deterioration意思是“退化,墮落”,digestion意思是“消化”,destination意思是“目的地”,distinction意思是“區(qū)別”。根據(jù)上下文和關鍵詞“digestive juices”,我們可以確定[B]是正確答案。
(2) [答案][C]ingredients
[考點]名詞辨析。
[解析]component是“(組)成(部)分,零件,部件”,food是“事物,食品”,ingredient是“(混合物的)組成部分,成分,(烹調(diào)的)原料”,stuff是“食物,飲料”。要填的單詞和空格后面的 cooking styles構成并列關系,和烹調(diào)方式直接相關的是烹調(diào)的原料,即ingredients,foods和 stuffs雖然也和主題相關,但如果和cooking styles搭配,邏輯關系不夠嚴謹,所以答案是[C]。
(3)[答案][B]popularity
[考點]名詞辨析,名詞與名詞的搭配。
[解析]population是“人口”,popularity是“普及,流行,大眾化”,quantity是“數(shù)量”,prosperity是“繁榮”。這句話的主語是fastcasual restaurants,同位語trendy eateries是指時髦的餐館,強調(diào)時髦與流行,所以答案是[B]。
(4)[答案][A]socialization
[考點]名詞辨析。
[解析]socialization是“社會化(指使人,尤其兒童,形成為其社會所接受的行為方式的過程)”, realization是“實現(xiàn),理解,認知”,standardization是“標準化”,localization是“地方化,本地化”?崭褚畹膯卧~和后面的cultural exchange及success構成并列,這段話是針對globetrotting businessmen而言,他們?yōu)槿谌氘數(shù)氐奈幕枰龀鍪裁礃优,他們的目的是讓自己的行為被當(shù)厝怂邮,因此要去了解當(shù)氐奈幕,而不是把自身的文化本地化,所以選socialization,答案是[A]。
(5)[答案] [C]behavior
[考點]名詞辨析,根據(jù)并列結(jié)構選擇合適的名詞。
[解析]performance是“工作,表現(xiàn)”,achievement是“成就,成績”,behavior是“行為,舉止,表現(xiàn)”,progress是“進步,進展”。這句話里values,attitudes和待選項屬于并列關系,三者共同構成文化,需要在四個選項中選擇一個與價值觀、態(tài)度對應,很明顯,behavior(行為)是最佳答案,因此選[C]。
(6)[答案][A]context
[考點] 名詞辨析。
[解析] context是“(人、事、物存在于其中的)各種有關情況,來龍去脈,背景,環(huán)境”,contest是“競賽,比賽”,contrast是“對比,對照”,contract是“合同,契約”。比較四個選項的意思,context是最合適的選項,因此選[A]。這句話的意思是:“管理方面的交流是處于管理背景下的交流!
(7) [答案][B]viability
[考點]名詞辨析。
[解析]visibility是“可見性,明顯性,可見度”,viability是“可能性”,variability是“可變性”, validity是“正當,正確(性),效力”。首先排除[A]和[C],這兩個都不能和communication搭配,另外,交流沒有正確與否,于是排除validity,剩下[B]是正確答案。
(8) [答案][A]intentions
[考點]名詞辨析,形容詞與名詞的固定搭配
[解析]intention是“意圖,意向”,interest是“興趣,愛好”,explanation是“解釋,說明”,purpose是“目的”。the best intentions是一個固定搭配,意思是“一片好心/一片好意(尤用于事情沒做成時)”,所以選擇[A]。文中這句話希望表達的意思是:消費者買食品的時候是出于良好的意愿,可是因為太忙了,把它們?nèi)舆M冰箱就忘了。
(9) [答案][B]rely on
[考點]動詞短語辨析,根據(jù)上下文選擇合適的動詞短語。
[解析]decide on是“決定,選定”,rely on是“依靠,信賴”,comment on是“評論,發(fā)表意見”,press on是“使感到負擔沉重,使緊迫,使窘迫”。這句話要表達的意思是:“要決定是吃還是扔的時候,人們依靠包裝上印的保質(zhì)期等”,所以選[B]。括號里出現(xiàn)的a.k.a.的全稱是 also known as,即“又名,亦稱”。
國家 | 北京 | 天津 | 上海 | 江蘇 |
安徽 | 浙江 | 山東 | 江西 | 福建 |
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貴州 | 西藏 | 新疆 | 陜西 | 山西 |
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黑龍江 | 內(nèi)蒙古 |