三、實(shí)詞類題典及解題方法
1. 名詞考點(diǎn)
【復(fù)習(xí)題典】
☆A(yù) potful of evidence suggests that the antioxidants and polyphenols in tea help protect you from stroke and heart attack, Alzheimer’s disease, arthritis, and cancers of the lung, mouth, breast, pancreas, prostate and skin. The essential oils found in the leaves even aid (1)digestion by increasing the flow of digestive juices.
(1)［A］deterioration ［B］digestion ［C］destination ［D］distinction
☆ Formerly remote(2)and cooking styles are creating a whole new fashion as they are transplanted and reinterpreted all over the world.
(2)［A］components ［B］foods ［C］ingredients ［D］stuffs
☆Look for liking greens and fried chicken on the menus of upscale restaurants. Fastcasual restaurants-trendy specialities（特色食品；土特產(chǎn)［大綱難詞］） that combine speed and quality—should keep growing in（3） .(3)［A］population ［B］popularity ［C］quantity ［D］prosperity☆People will need knowledge of［注意搭配］food and ingredients［大綱難詞］ from different continents and cultures as one aspect of4, cultural exchange, and success.
(4) ［A］socialization［B］realization［C］standardization［D］localization
☆ Managers must become proficient crosscultural communicators if they wish to succeed in today’s global environment. Culture consists of the values, attitudes, and（5）in a given group of most of the people most of the time. Managerial communication is communication in a management（6）to achieve a desired result (writing a memo, interviewing an applicant, running a meeting, preparing a presentation). If you are working in a different culture, you may have to reconsider your communication objective and evaluate its（7）.
(5)［A］performance ［B］achievement ［C］behavior ［D］progress
(6)［A］context ［B］contest ［C］contrast ［D］contract
(7)［A］visibility ［B］viability ［C］variability ［D］validity
☆ The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) estimates that, on average, each person in the United States throws out about 328 pounds of edible food each year. Food bought with the best（8）sits for weeks on end as busy consumers tuck it in the refrigerator and forget about it. And when it seems time to either eat it or toss it, most people（9）the freshness dates (a. k. a. ‘use by’,‘sell by’, and ‘best if used by’ ) printed on the packages.
(8)［A］intentions ［B］interests ［C］explanations［D］purposes
(9)［A］decide on ［B］rely on ［C］comment on ［D］press on
☆ I’m not saying you should eschew the occasional night on the town or gourmet meal at a fivestar restaurant. Both have their（10）and are components of a wellrounded life. I’ve enjoyed my share of revelry and fine（11）and look forward to those special opportunities to experience more of the good life. But I’ve managed to find a balance between those（12）pleasures and a permanent adherence to a regular workout and a healthy diet. Because,（13）, it is the latter that will have a lasting improvement on the overall quality of my life.
(10)［A］place ［B］position ［C］location ［D］attraction
(11)［A］meal ［B］diet ［C］dining ［D］eating
(12)［A］short-dated ［B］short-lived
［C］short-legged ［D］short-tempered
(13)［A］in a word ［B］in the end ［C］in the future［D］in a nutshell
本小節(jié)答案精解
(1) ［答案］［B］digestion
［考點(diǎn)］名詞辨析，根據(jù)上下文選擇合適的名詞。
［解析］deterioration意思是“退化，墮落”，digestion意思是“消化”，destination意思是“目的地”，distinction意思是“區(qū)別”。根據(jù)上下文和關(guān)鍵詞“digestive juices”，我們可以確定［B］是正確答案。
(2) ［答案］［C］ingredients
［考點(diǎn)］名詞辨析。
［解析］component是“(組)成(部)分，零件，部件”，food是“事物，食品”，ingredient是“(混合物的)組成部分，成分，(烹調(diào)的)原料”，stuff是“食物，飲料”。要填的單詞和空格后面的 cooking styles構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，和烹調(diào)方式直接相關(guān)的是烹調(diào)的原料，即ingredients，foods和 stuffs雖然也和主題相關(guān)，但如果和cooking styles搭配，邏輯關(guān)系不夠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，所以答案是［C］。
(3)［答案］［B］popularity
［考點(diǎn)］名詞辨析，名詞與名詞的搭配。
［解析］population是“人口”，popularity是“普及，流行，大眾化”，quantity是“數(shù)量”，prosperity是“繁榮”。這句話的主語(yǔ)是fastcasual restaurants，同位語(yǔ)trendy eateries是指時(shí)髦的餐館，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)髦與流行，所以答案是［B］。
(4)［答案］［A］socialization
［考點(diǎn)］名詞辨析。
［解析］socialization是“社會(huì)化(指使人，尤其兒童，形成為其社會(huì)所接受的行為方式的過程)”， realization是“實(shí)現(xiàn)，理解，認(rèn)知”，standardization是“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化”，localization是“地方化，本地化”�？崭褚畹膯卧~和后面的cultural exchange及success構(gòu)成并列，這段話是針對(duì)globetrotting businessmen而言，他們?yōu)槿谌氘?dāng)?shù)氐奈幕枰龀鍪裁礃优�，他們的目的是讓自己的行為被�?dāng)?shù)厝怂邮�，因此要去了解�?dāng)?shù)氐奈幕�，而不是把自身的文化本地化，所以選socialization，答案是［A］。
(5)［答案］ ［C］behavior
［考點(diǎn)］名詞辨析，根據(jù)并列結(jié)構(gòu)選擇合適的名詞。
［解析］performance是“工作，表現(xiàn)”，achievement是“成就，成績(jī)”，behavior是“行為，舉止，表現(xiàn)”，progress是“進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展”。這句話里values，attitudes和待選項(xiàng)屬于并列關(guān)系，三者共同構(gòu)成文化，需要在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)與價(jià)值觀、態(tài)度對(duì)應(yīng)，很明顯，behavior(行為)是最佳答案，因此選［C］。
(6)［答案］［A］context
［考點(diǎn)］ 名詞辨析。
［解析］ context是“(人、事、物存在于其中的)各種有關(guān)情況，來龍去脈，背景，環(huán)境”，contest是“競(jìng)賽，比賽”，contrast是“對(duì)比，對(duì)照”，contract是“合同，契約”。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，context是最合適的選項(xiàng)，因此選［A］。這句話的意思是：“管理方面的交流是處于管理背景下的交流�！�
(7) ［答案］［B］viability
［考點(diǎn)］名詞辨析。
［解析］visibility是“可見性，明顯性，可見度”，viability是“可能性”，variability是“可變性”， validity是“正當(dāng)，正確(性)，效力”。首先排除［A］和［C］，這兩個(gè)都不能和communication搭配，另外，交流沒有正確與否，于是排除validity，剩下［B］是正確答案。
(8) ［答案］［A］intentions
［考點(diǎn)］名詞辨析，形容詞與名詞的固定搭配
［解析］intention是“意圖，意向”，interest是“興趣，愛好”，explanation是“解釋，說明”，purpose是“目的”。the best intentions是一個(gè)固定搭配，意思是“一片好心／一片好意(尤用于事情沒做成時(shí))”，所以選擇［A］。文中這句話希望表達(dá)的意思是：消費(fèi)者買食品的時(shí)候是出于良好的意愿，可是因?yàn)樘α�，把它們�(nèi)舆M(jìn)冰箱就忘了。
(9) ［答案］［B］rely on
［考點(diǎn)］動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析，根據(jù)上下文選擇合適的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。
［解析］decide on是“決定，選定”，rely on是“依靠，信賴”，comment on是“評(píng)論，發(fā)表意見”，press on是“使感到負(fù)擔(dān)沉重，使緊迫，使窘迫”。這句話要表達(dá)的意思是：“要決定是吃還是扔的時(shí)候，人們依靠包裝上印的保質(zhì)期等”，所以選［B］。括號(hào)里出現(xiàn)的a.k.a.的全稱是 also known as，即“又名，亦稱”。
