2007年朱泰祺考研英語強化班授課講義

　　Notes: homogenize vt. 使勻質(zhì)。 uniformity n. 千篇一律，無變化。discourse n. 講演；會話；論文。deference n. 遵從，服從，順從。an array of (=arrays of) 一系列；大量。elegant adj. 高雅的。cater to v. 迎合；滿足。regardless of 不管，不顧。fit into 適合；符合。elevating adj. 提高思想修養(yǎng)的。poisonous adj. 有毒的；敗壞道德的。forum n. 論壇。unprecedented adj. 前所未有的。prior to 在…以前。index n. [pl.] indices(=indexes) 索引；指數(shù)；標(biāo)志。 intermarriage n.（種族、宗教等之間的）通婚。countries of origin 起源國。bilingual adj. 能說兩種語的。proficient adj. 精通的，熟練的。graveyard n. 墓地，墳場。Hispanic n. 西班牙的；拉丁美洲的（說西班牙語的）。seethe vi. 因 … 而騷動。

　　1. The word "homogenizing" (Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means

　　[A] identifying. [B] associating. [C] assimilating. [D] monopolizing.

　　2. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century

　　[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture. [B] became intimate shops for common consumers.

　　[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite. [D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.

　　3. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.

　　[A] are resistant to homogenization. [B] exert a great influence on American culture.

　　[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture. [D] constitute the majority of the population.

　　4. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?

　　[A] To prove their popularity around the world. [B] To reveal the public's fear of immigrants.

　　[C] To give examples of successful immigrants. [D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.

　　5. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is

　　[A] rewarding. [B] successful. [C] fruitless. [D] harmful.

　　Text 2 [2005, RC Text 1]

　　Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

　　The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

　　Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.

　　In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.

　　The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. (426 words)

　　1. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by

　　[A] posing a contrast. [B] justifying an assumption.

　　[C] making a comparison. [D] explaining a phenomenon.

　　2. The statement "it is all too monkey" (Last line, Paragraph-1) implies that

　　[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.

　　[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.

　　[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.

　　[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.

　　3. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are

　　[A] more inclined to weigh what they get. [B] attentive to researchers' instructions.

　　[C] nice in both appearance and temperament. [D] more generous than their male companions.

　　4. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys

　　[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers. [B] can be taught to exchange things.

　　[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated. [D] are unhappy when separated from others.

　　5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

　　[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.

　　[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.

　　[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.

　　[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.

　　Text 3

　　The war on drugs in the United States is an escalating battle that has, as of recent times, reached unprecedented levels. In every city and state across the nation, law enforcement officials are working around the clock to eradicate the illegal use, possession and distribution of controlled substances at all levels of society. The increasing devotion of resources and efforts to the battle has achieved mixed results.

　　A growing amount of money is being devoted to the funding of the war on drugs as time progresses. At last count, 19.2 billion dollars was being spent annually on the ongoing struggle, consisting of pay for law enforcement officials, education, treatment and other uses. This staggering amount translates into a stunning 609 dollars per second.

　　Results are being achieved. An arrest for drug-related offenses occurs every 20 seconds, and 648 people are put in prison

　　every day on drug-related charges. These numbers illustrate the prevailing tactic used by the U.S. government in the war against drugs – going after the people supporting the industry. By removing both the suppliers and purchasers of illegal drugs, it is hoped that the industry will collapse by itself, through the elimination of supply and demand.

　　Aside from directly arresting those individuals responsible for the selling and purchasing of illegal drugs, the United States has also embarked on a campaign to take away the tools by which the drugs are used, primarily in the form of needles. To this end, there has been a recent federal ban on needle exchanges intended to restrict access to the tools necessary for the use of some illegal drugs.

　　This program has drawn harsh criticism, however, as it has resulted in the use and reuse of unsanitary needles, possibly contributing to the number of AIDS infections in drug users who would otherwise have avoided infection by using sterile needles that could have been provided, but for the federal ban. According to a study conducted by the AIDS Prevention Studies Center of the University of California at San Francisco, 4000 new infections of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, could be avoided per year if the federal ban on needle exchanges was lifted. This translates into more than 10 new cases of HIV avoided per day, a figure that causes one to pause and consider whether the war on drugs is being fought in the best manner possible. (395 words)

　　本文重點詞匯和詞組：escalating 逐步升級的；as of 從…起；around the clock日日夜夜； eradicate 根除；杜絕；staggering大得驚人的；stunning令人震驚的；go after追捕；sterile 消毒過的；embark on 著手，從事；but for 要不是…的話；HIV (=human immunodeficiency virus) 人免疫力缺乏病毒（艾滋病病毒）；lift vt. 撤消，解除。

　　1. By referring to “mixed results” in paragraph 1, the author most probably intends to mean ________.

　　A. all sorts of successes B. confused consequences

　　C. positive and negative effects D. significant and pleasing outcome

　　2. The author outlines the government’s strategy in the war on drugs in paragraph 3 to ________.

　　A. support the main view presented in the text

　　B. show that this strategy is the most effective

　　C. discredit later the strategy in subsequent paragraphs

　　D. explain why the statistics cited are relevant and important

　　3. The author brings up the issue of HIV and AIDS infections in paragraph 5 in order to ________.

　　A. illustrate another social issue that is not receiving enough attention

　　B. identify one group of people whom the war on drugs is indirectly affecting

　　C. illustrate an issue that must be taken seriously while fighting the war on drugs

　　D. identify one of the main motivations for the current strategy in the war on drugs

　　4. The author’s opinion of the ongoing war on drugs is one of ________.

　　A. strong disapproval B. critical support C. reluctant opposition D. silent consent

　　5. The main point of this text is to ________.

　　A. convince the reader that the war on drugs is being won

　　B. state the harmfulness of drugs and support the war on them

　　C. highlight the importance of launching a battle against drugs

　　D. inform the reader of the current status of the war on drugs