(課外練習(xí) 下次課給答案)
Directions: You are going to read a text about Things to Watch Out for When…, followed by a list of analyses. Choose the best analysis from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra analysis which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Year-end is prime time for making speeches, whether it be a formal thank you to clients at a cocktail party or an informal chat to family guests around the Christmas table. Plan ahead and think about what you are going to say. In the words of Mark Twain, it usually takes more than three weeks to prepare a good impromptu speech.
41) Know your audience:
42) Make a point:
43) Stay calm:
44) Eye contact:
45) Vary tone and body language:
[A] Monotony kills a speech. Nerves cause your vocal chords to constrict, raising the pitch of your voice. Make an effort to breathe deeply and enunciate clearly. Flapping your arms about will distract your listeners but natural, descriptive movements can enhance meaning..
[B] Keep your speech short and concise and have a few clear points that you need to convey. Emphasize these and tone down on any oral paraphernalia that will confuse the message.
[C] Find out who you will be addressing so that you can tailor your comments accordingly. Clients, analysts and journalists, for example, require a different approach to that needed for colleagues at an in-house gathering.
[D] A little nervous energy can enhance your speech, but too much can be disastrous. Do not rely on alcohol for help, no matter how much you need Dutch courage. Take a deep breath and keep a clear head.
[E] Creating a personal rapport with your audience is a skill that separates gifted speakers from the mundane. If the thought of looking into a sea of faces scares you, adjust your gaze regularly at different points in the room to create the same effect.
[F] Your initial impression is vital when making a public presentation. Find out about dress codes at the venue so that you look your best and, if possible, check the microphone beforehand to ensure you know how to use it.
III. English-Chinese Translation
1) Being under-industrialized, these countries are largely dependent on imports to supply the equipment needed to produce the raw materials they export. This also applies to the manufactured goods required to provide their populations with the 'necessities of life' --- a concept which is continually being enlarged through the mass media of communication such as newspapers, films, the radio and advertising. 2) This economic structure makes it difficult for them to avoid being politically dependent on the countries which absorb their exports and provide their essential imports.
Although it is obvious that industrialization is the key to development, it is usually very difficult for emerging countries to carry out plans of this nature. 3) In the first place, to set up modern industries necessitates capital on a large scale, which only industrialized regions are able to provide; secondly, they lack the necessary trained manpower; thirdly, their industries --- when established --- are usually not efficient enough to compete with foreign imports, and any restriction on these imports is likely to lead to counteraction against their own exports.
4) From another point of view, it is necessary to bear in mind that there are invariably political, educational, social and psychological obstacles which tend to interfere seriously with any measures taken to deal with the economic difficulties outlined above. To consider only one point: it is obviously useless to devote great efforts and expense to education, technical training and planning if, for psychological reasons, the population as a whole fails to turn theory into effective action.
5) To conclude, it seems clear that if we are to succeed in solving the many interrelated problems of underdevelopment, only the fullest and most intelligent use of the resources of all branches of science will enable us to do so. How is this to be done? Do you have any suggestions to make?(308 words)
IV. Writing Practice
Directions:
You are planning to pursue your study abroad. Write a letter of inquiry to
1) give your brief personal information,
2) ask for the admission into that university,
3) ask for the possibility of getting scholarship.
