2007北京太奇培訓(xùn)學(xué)�？佳杏⒄Z強化班授課講義(十四)

Text  4  (課外閱讀)

    There have been a great many explanations, some of them very complicated, of the great demand for college education in America, and they are probably all true in some measure. An oversimplified explanation is that over the last fifty years, three generations of the parents of growing children have realized that better education meant better living and, as individuals, and through group action, have pushed and urged that facilities be made available. Happily the nation has been able to provide the colleges, and the students have been admitted to them in ever-increasing numbers. And the consumers of the products of education ---government, business in all its forms, and labor -- all welcomed the expansion of opportunity because it simplified their problems of employing new workers, and training and placing them.

   
    Forty years ago, when the parents of today's high-school seniors were themselves in school, a high-school education was enough to get ready for most occupations, and, for those occupations, job training took place either in the high school or on the job. A college degree was necessary only for those who wanted to be ministers, doctors, or lawyers, high school teachers, scientists, or scholars. Today most jobs that offer opportunity for growth and advancement are open only to college graduates, for colleges have assumed the task of offering the specific preparation that is needed. There is very little job training in high schools today. Instead they concentrate on preparing students for college.
   
    What has happened is that, as business, industry, government, and the professions have expanded, they have developed a need for many varieties of specialists. Colleges and universities, responding to these developments, have organized new programs of study to train these specialists, and in turn these new programs draw students who would not have gone to college forty years ago.

    For example, almost all of the college programs in business and commerce have been developed within the last forty years. The same is true of teacher preparation and the more advanced programs in agriculture and home economics. And there is a long list of other offerings that were not available except in a few experimental programs. Accounting, social science, various forms of administration, public hospital and public health medical technology, and advanced nurses' training have been developed in higher education within those same forty years. And as evidence that the process is still continuing, we can see the emergence of atomic technology, nuclear engineering, computer technology, and, most recently, international administration.  (413 words)                                                                                     

1. In paragraph 1, the word "consumers" most probably refers to ______________.

   A. high-school graduates                          B. college graduates
   C. those who engage college graduates               D. those who consume commercial goods

2. According to paragraph 2, the parents of today's high-school students ______________.

   A. did not receive enough high-school education
   B. received a level of education which is almost equivalent to that of today's college
   C. who had secondary education were able to cope with most occupations at the time
   D. are all qualified for such professional positions as ministers, doctors or lawyers

3. Which of the following does not seem to be an explanation of the great demand for college education in America?

   A. The parents have realized that higher education means a higher standard of living.
   B. A high-school education is not "high" enough for most occupations.
   C. A great need has been developed for many varieties of specialists.
   D. High schools concentrate mainly on preparing students for colleges.

4. Which of the following specialties and programs was the least possibly available in American colleges and universities 40 years ago?

   A. International administration.                B. Computer science and technology.
   C. Nuclear engineering.                    D. Advanced nurses training.

5. What is the theme of the text?

   A. A general survey of American colleges and universities.  
   B. The main reasons for the development of American higher education.
   C. The historical development of American colleges and universities.
   D. The higher education, the better living conditions.

Text  1  Word Study

1. subject vt. (to) 使…遭受到、受到，使…服從：1) He subjected us to a very difficult test. (他使我們經(jīng)歷一次非常艱難的考試。) 2) This country was once subjected to foreign rule. (這個國家曾一度遭受外國統(tǒng)治。)  3) He was subjected to severe criticism. (他遭到嚴(yán)厲批評。)  4) Scientists subject spacemen to all kinds of tests before they send them up in rockets. (科學(xué)家用火箭把宇航員送上太空以前讓他們經(jīng)受各種考驗。)

subject adj. (to) 受…約束；容易受到：1)We are subject to the laws of the country. (我們受國家法律的約束。)  2) The employees are subject to the rules and regulations of the company. (雇員們都受到公司的規(guī)章制度的約束。)  3) He is subject to headaches. (他經(jīng)常頭痛。)  4）The arrangements are subject to change. (這些安排常常要變。)

subject n. 題目，話題；主題，題材；科目，學(xué)科；目標(biāo)：1) He proposed a subject for the debate. (他為辯論出了一個題目。)  2) There are so many subjects I’d like to talk to you about. (有那么多話題我想和你們談。)  3) What is the subject of the poem? （這首詩的主題是什么?） 4）subject matter 主題。 5) In a primary school the main subjects are reading, writing and arithmetic. (小學(xué)的主要課程是閱讀、寫作和算術(shù)。)  6) He was the subject of much criticism. (他是許多批評的目標(biāo)。)  7) They used mice as subjects in the experiments. (他們用老鼠作為實驗對象。)

同根詞：subjection n. 征服，控制：1) The subjection of the rebels took a long time. (征服這些造反派花了很長時間。) 2) The children lived in complete subjection while their father was alive. (孩子們在父親活著時生活在嚴(yán)格的控制中。)

subjective adj. 主觀的：1） He was an objective rather than a subjective writer. (他是一位客觀的而不是主觀的作家。) 2) Grading of oral tests is quite subjective. (口語考試的打分是相當(dāng)主觀的。)

2. prospect n. 前景，即將發(fā)生的情況；成功的希望；景色；潛在的主顧(=a possible customer)：1) This was the prospect our prisoner had to look forward to. (這是我們的囚徒所不得不盼望的前景。)  2）The house has a southern prospect. (這幢房子是朝南的。)  3) We have good prospects. (我們有美好的前程。)  4) The prospect is cheerful. (前途樂觀。)  5) I see no prospect of his recovery. (我看不出他有痊愈的希望。)  5) The hill commands a fine prospect. (這座山可以眺望美景。)  6) The salesman worked hard at finding some new prospects. (推銷員努力工作以便找到一些新的可能的顧客。) 

用于成語：in prospect 可以指望，即將出現(xiàn)：1) I have a much better job in prospect. (我可以指望有一份好得多的工作。)  2) Some relief to the taxpayers is in prospect. (即將對納稅人減稅。)  3) It is foolish to give up a good post when you have nothing else in prospect. (你還沒有可以指望的工作時放棄一個好崗位是十分愚蠢的。)

同根詞：prospective adj. 未來的，可能的：1) Your prospective employer is the person who will, later on, be your employer.   2) Is she a prospective customer?