二、分詞的用法(Usage)
(一)充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)
分詞常用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞,單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)放在所修飾詞之前,分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)放在所修飾詞之后;但有些過(guò)去分詞也可放在所修飾詞之后,分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)置于句中時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)省略關(guān)系詞的定語(yǔ)從句。
例句: How many of us attending(=who are attending), say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。主干部分為How many of us would be interesed in the discussion。 that is irrelevant to us是修飾a meeting的定語(yǔ)從句, say作插入語(yǔ),可譯為“比方說(shuō)”, attending... a meeting作定語(yǔ)修飾us。
譯文: 假如我們參加了一個(gè)與我們無(wú)關(guān)的會(huì)議,有多少人會(huì)對(duì)討論感興趣呢?
例句: It is easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes taking place(=which takes place)in our everchanging world.
(1999年第3題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。it是形式主語(yǔ),to blame the decline of...是真正的主語(yǔ),分詞短語(yǔ)taking place in our everchanging world修飾changes。
譯文: 人們很容易把交談減少歸咎于現(xiàn)代生活的節(jié)奏以及在我們這個(gè)不斷變化的世界中所發(fā)生的某些不太清楚的變革。
例句: On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.
(2008年第48題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。在英語(yǔ)中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后如果跟了篇幅較長(zhǎng)的賓語(yǔ),往往會(huì)將賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)前置到賓語(yǔ)前面。此句的正常語(yǔ)序是:he(主語(yǔ))+did not accept(謂語(yǔ))+the charge(賓語(yǔ))as well。本句中,分詞短語(yǔ)made by some of his critics修飾charge,that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句在說(shuō)明和解釋charge,其中又包含了一個(gè)while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
譯文: 另一方面,某些人批評(píng)他雖然善于觀察,卻不具備推理能力,而他認(rèn)為這種說(shuō)法也是缺乏根據(jù)的。
例句: The emphasis on data gathered firsthand (=which have been gathered), combined with (which have been combined with) a crosscultural perspective brought to (= which has been brought to) the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.(2003年第 63題)
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句。主干部分為The emphasis makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science, a unique and distinctly important social science在句中作賓語(yǔ)this study的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),gathered firsthand及combined with a crosscultural perspective作定語(yǔ)修飾data, brought to the analysis of cultures past and present作定語(yǔ)修飾perspective。
譯文: 強(qiáng)調(diào)收集第一手資料,加上分析過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在文化時(shí)采用跨文化視角,使得這種研究成為一門獨(dú)特的并且非常重要的社會(huì)科學(xué)。
(二)充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)
分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)放在系動(dòng)詞be, become, get, remain, seem, stay后作表語(yǔ),F(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)則表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。
例句: Mrs. Green has been living in town for only one year, yet she seems to be acquainted with everyone who comes to the store. (1996年第23題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。who comes to the store是修飾everyone的定語(yǔ)從句,短語(yǔ)be acquainted with sb.意思為“與某人相識(shí),熟悉”。
譯文: 格林女士住在城里僅一年,可是,她似乎認(rèn)識(shí)來(lái)到這個(gè)商店的每一個(gè)人。
例句: Dozens of scientific groups all over the world have been pursuing the goal of a practical and economical way to use sunlight to split water molecules. (1996年第25題)
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句。介詞短語(yǔ)of a practical and economical way作定語(yǔ)修飾goal,不定式to split water molecules作狀語(yǔ)表示目的。
譯文: 全世界幾十個(gè)科學(xué)團(tuán)體一直在尋求利用太陽(yáng)光分解水分子既實(shí)用而又經(jīng)濟(jì)的方法。
例句: Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economys longterm prospects even as they do some modest belttightening. (選自2004年Text 3)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。they remain optimistic about...在句中作say的賓語(yǔ)從句,even as they do some modest belttightening是一讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
譯文: 消費(fèi)者似乎只是略有擔(dān)心,并不恐慌,許多人還說(shuō),即使稍微勒緊褲帶,他們對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展仍然感到樂(lè)觀。
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