五、考研常見介詞辨析
(一)as,like
作介詞時as強(qiáng)調(diào)同類或完全相似,另有“作為,按照”之意,like強(qiáng)調(diào)比較,表示“像……一樣”。
例句: In the early 1900s in North America, Germanborn American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. (選自2009年P(guān)art B)
分析: 該句是簡單句,其中known as historical particularism是分詞作后置定語,相當(dāng)于 which was known as...。
譯文: 20世紀(jì)早期,在北美,德裔美國人類學(xué)家弗朗茨·博厄斯闡述了一種新的文化理論,被稱作“歷史特殊論”。
例句: Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. (選自2009年Text 4)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,句子主干是there were political leaders like John Winthrop,besides the ninety...after 1629作狀語,表示伴隨情況,who came to...1629是修飾ministers的定語從句,an educated gentleman,lawyer,and official of the Crown是John Winthrop的同位語,before引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句。
譯文: 除了在1629年之后的十年中來到馬薩諸塞教堂的90余位很有學(xué)問的牧師之外,還有像約翰·溫斯羅普這樣的政治領(lǐng)袖。在來到波士頓之前,他是一名受過教育的紳士、律師,他還是英國皇室的官員。
例句: A large fish was slowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.
分析: 該句是簡單句,其中its tail swinging是一獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作狀語,表示伴隨。
譯文: 一條大魚在水中緩緩游動,尾巴像鐘擺一樣來回晃動。
例句: Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture”, like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. (2003年第65題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,主干部分為the anthropological concept of “culture” is an abstract concept。定語從句which makes possible...understanding修飾an abstract concept。
譯文: 因此,人類學(xué)關(guān)于“文化”的概念就像數(shù)學(xué)中“集合”的概念一樣,是一個使大量的具體研究和認(rèn)識成為可能的抽象概念。
(二)despite,in spite of
兩者意義相似,可互換使用,表示“盡管”,但despite后不能接of。
例句: Despite/In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or adapted for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic program for the reading skills.
分析: 該句是簡單句。despite/in spite of...在句中作狀語表示讓步;written or adapted...purposes 作material的后置定語。
譯文: 盡管有各種專門為語言學(xué)習(xí)撰寫或改編的閱讀材料,但在閱讀技巧方面還沒有系統(tǒng)的綜合課程。
例句: Despite/In spite of much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that are not fully understood. (1996年第16題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,定語從句that are not fully understood修飾elements;介詞短語in the life cycle of the insect在句中作狀語。
譯文: 盡管做了大量研究,但昆蟲的生活周期中仍有某些元素未被人們完全理解。
(三)except,except for
兩者都表示“除外”。如果排除之物與所述之物屬于同類時,兩者可通用,但如果排除之物與所述之物不屬于同類時,則只能用except for。
例句: Hudson said he would not kill a living thing except for the motive of hunger. (1997年第37題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。
譯文: 哈德遜說除非是餓極了,否則他不會殺生。
例句: He saw little evidence of a strategy, except for willingness to listen to protectionist appeals from the automobile.
分析: 該句是簡單句,介詞短語from the automobile在句中作定語修飾appeals。
譯文: 他認(rèn)為一項(xiàng)策略只有愿意傾聽來自汽車行業(yè)的貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義者的申訴才能有證據(jù)支持。
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