5. Would there be any possibility of having breakfast on the train before we are decantedin Munich ？
A.當(dāng)我們?cè)谀侥岷诒或v出車廂之前有任何在火車上吃早飯的可能性嗎？
B.我們?cè)谀侥岷诒或v出車廂之前，有可能在火車上吃早飯嗎？
6. He had about as much chance of getting a job as of being chosen mayor of Chicago.A.他找到工作的機(jī)會(huì)和當(dāng)選芝加哥市長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)差不多B.他找到工作的機(jī)會(huì)簡(jiǎn)直跟當(dāng)選芝加哥市長(zhǎng)同樣困難。
C.他找到工作的機(jī)會(huì)簡(jiǎn)直微乎其微。
正說(shuō)與反說(shuō)
1.The administration was free corruption. 這屆政府沒(méi)有腐敗現(xiàn)象
2. Wet paint. 油漆未干
3.I remained confused about the problem.這個(gè)問(wèn)題我還是不懂
4. They are dependent on each other.他們誰(shuí)也離不開誰(shuí)
5. He is far from what I expected.他遠(yuǎn)不是我想象的那樣。
6. let bygones be bygones.既往不咎
7. As was expected， he passed the exam easily. 果不出所料，他輕而易舉地通過(guò)了考試
8.We will live up to what our Patty expects of us.我們決不辜負(fù)黨對(duì)我們的期望。
9. I hate the lack of privacy in the dorrnitory.我討厭宿舍里沒(méi)有獨(dú)處的機(jī)會(huì)。
10. You evidently think otherwise.你顯然有不同的看法
11. He will die of hunger before he will steal. 他寧愿餓死，也不愿去偷。
12. That little bridge is anything but safe.那座橋一點(diǎn)也不安全。
13. So far from taking my advice， he went and did just what I warned in ~ainit.他不但不聽我的勸告，反而去做了我警告他不要做的事情。
14. He was more frightened than hurt. 他沒(méi)有受什么傷，倒是受驚不小
正說(shuō)
15. Don't unstring your shoes.把鞋帶系上
16. Ml the teachers ， without exception are to attend the meet Sunday. 所有的老師都要參加星期五的會(huì)議。
17. She carne into the room without shoes on. 她光腳走進(jìn)了房間。
18. The doctor lost no tune in getting the sick man to hospital.醫(yī)生立即把病人送往醫(yī)院。
19. I have no doubt that you will succeed.我相信你會(huì)成功。
20. It's no distance at all to the school ， only a short walk. 從這到學(xué)校很近，只需要很短一段路。
正、反說(shuō)分析
21.If he had kept his temper， the negotiations would probably have been a success.如果他克制脾氣，談判可能早就成功了。
22.Some people refrain from expressing their gratitude because they feel it will notbe welcome. 有些人不愿意表達(dá)他們的感激之情，因?yàn)橛X得著有可能不受歡迎。
23. If you forward the transcripts yourself ， they can be considered official onlyif the school envelope has remained sealed. 如果證件由申請(qǐng)人本人遞交，則本人不得擅自啟封，否則證件將被視為無(wú)效。
24. We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 我們對(duì)生活要永遠(yuǎn)抱樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度。
25. We strongly disapprove of the company' s new policy.我們強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)公司的新政策。
拆句單詞拆譯26.Incidentally ， I suggest that you have the telephone moved to thesitting-room. 順便說(shuō)一句，我建議你把電話移至起居室。
27.He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.他有個(gè)習(xí)慣叫人受不了，意思反復(fù)不定，一會(huì)一個(gè)主張。
短語(yǔ)拆譯28. Throughout his life ， Benjamin Franklin continued his education， learningfrom human contacts as well as from books.本杰明。富蘭克林整個(gè)一生都在受教育，他不僅從書本中學(xué)習(xí)，而且也從與人交往中學(xué)習(xí)。
29. Energy can neither he created nor destroyed ， a universally accepted law.能量即不能創(chuàng)造也不能消滅，這是一條公認(rèn)的規(guī)律。
30. The meeting ended with protestations of friendship from everyone. 會(huì)議結(jié)束，人人表示彼此將友好相處。
31. His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.因?yàn)樗麤](méi)能遵守安全規(guī)則，機(jī)器出了故障。
32. His weak chest predisposes him to winter colds. 他的肺部很弱，冬天容易感冒。
33.He shook his head and his eyes were wide ， then narowed in in-dignation.他搖了搖頭，兩眼睜的圓圓的，接著有瞇成一條線，臉上露出了憤怒的神情。
句子拆譯這里主要指英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句，尤其是長(zhǎng)句的拆譯。
34. He had left a note of welcome for me， as sunny as his face.他留下一封段信，對(duì)我表示歡迎，那信寫的熱情洋溢，一如其人。
35. While I was waiting to enter university ， I saw advertised in a local newspapera teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. 當(dāng)我等著進(jìn)大學(xué)期間，我在一份地方報(bào)紙上看到一則廣告，說(shuō)是在離我住處大約10英里的倫敦某郊區(qū)，有所學(xué)校要招聘一名教師。
順序法
36. Your presumption that I would want to share a flat with you is false. 你認(rèn)為我會(huì)和你同住一套公寓，那就錯(cuò)了 .
37.Researchers have established that when people are mentally en-gaged， biochemicalchanges occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive （認(rèn)知的） areassuch as attention and memory. 研究人員證實(shí)：人們?cè)趧?dòng)腦筋時(shí)，頭腦會(huì)產(chǎn)生很多的變化，使頭腦在注意力和記憶力這類認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域中更有效地活動(dòng)
38. During the ice ages ， human beings exposed to the colder temperatures of thetime would often make their homes in caves. 在冰河時(shí)代，人們面臨當(dāng)時(shí)較為寒冷的氣溫，常常在洞穴里安家。
逆序法
39. It was extended and preserved in the 19th century ， when our nation spread acrossthe continent ， saved the union， and abolished the awful scourge of slavery.在19世紀(jì)，我們的國(guó)家橫跨大陸，拯救了聯(lián)邦，廢除了恐怖的奴隸制的蹂躪，這一信念才得以流傳可擴(kuò)展。
40.By January 16， just a month after the beginning of the offensive on which Hitlerhad staked his last reserves in men and guns and ammunition ， the German forces were backto line from which they had set out.到1 月16日，德軍又回到了他們當(dāng)初出擊的戰(zhàn)線，這恰好是希特勒把他最后的兵力、大炮、彈藥儲(chǔ)備孤注一擲、發(fā)動(dòng)進(jìn)攻的一個(gè)月之后。
41. Five score years ago， a great American ， in whose symbolic shadow we stand by，signed the Emancipation Proclamation. 100 年前，一位偉人簽署了《奴隸解放宣言》，今天，我們正是站在這位偉人富有象征意義的雕象下集會(huì)。
變序法（綜合法）
42. Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me？
我有個(gè)問(wèn)題弄不懂，想請(qǐng)教你，你能回答嗎？
43. He had cleared up those confusions which arose from different medicines that hadthe same name and from various names that had been given to the same substance. 藥名混亂，有的由于不同藥物同一名稱所引起，而有的則由于同一藥物不同名稱所造成，他對(duì)此一一作了澄清。
44. One teacher writes that instead of drowning students' compositions in criticalred ink ， the teacher will get far more constructive results by finding one or two thingswhich have been done better than last time， and commenting favorably on them.一位老師這樣寫到：如果我們能從學(xué)生作文中找出一兩處比上次做的更好的地方，并提出表?yè)P(yáng)性評(píng)語(yǔ)，而不是用紅墨水把學(xué)生的作文批改的一塌糊涂，我們就能從中的更富有建設(shè)性的結(jié)果。
45. Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcendsthe virtue of uttering the truth for truth'5 sake ， and that is as far as possible do noharm. 我們的職業(yè)傳統(tǒng)上格守一個(gè)信條，那就是盡可能的不造成傷害，這一信條勝過(guò)為講真話而講真話的美德。
46. The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday electionresults that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat，which in the end would deprive the Republican Patty of Tong-held superiority in the House.在一次記者招待會(huì)上，問(wèn)題集中于昨天的選舉結(jié)果，總統(tǒng)就此發(fā)了言。他說(shuō)他無(wú)法解釋為何共和黨遭到如此大的失敗。這種情況最終使共和黨在眾議院中失去了長(zhǎng)期享有的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
為何要拆句？
47.Literature offers us the knowledge of the long life which phobia have had in mankind.文獻(xiàn)讓我們了解到，恐懼癥在人類中具有漫長(zhǎng)的歷史。
48.What is good ， I suppose， is that many people a"e concerned about TV' s influenceand that we have the power to change what we don' t like. 我看，好在有許多人關(guān)心電視的影響，而我們也有能力改變我們所不喜歡的東西。
英漢互譯時(shí)的詞序問(wèn)題I.兩種語(yǔ)言的總體比較：一方面，英漢兩種語(yǔ)言都是按照事物發(fā)展的客觀規(guī)律進(jìn)行的，因而有其共同點(diǎn)，例如：In order to communicate thoughts and feelings ， peopleinvented a conventional system of signs or symbols which mean the same to the sender and thereceiver. （為了更好的交流思想和感情，人們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)出了通常用的標(biāo)記和符號(hào)系統(tǒng)，而這標(biāo)記和符號(hào)交流雙方都能看的懂。）
以上的幾個(gè)例句在英漢兩種語(yǔ)言里的詞序都是一樣的；而除此以外，還存在著很多不同點(diǎn)。另一方面，兩種語(yǔ)言又有許多不同點(diǎn)。下面就英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的不同點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比較：漢語(yǔ)比較注重事物發(fā)展的客觀順序，先發(fā)生什么，后發(fā)生什么，結(jié)果怎樣，最后才加上作者的評(píng)論和觀點(diǎn)，不管有多少動(dòng)詞都可以并列、排比使用，不會(huì)出現(xiàn)詞法、句法等的沖突 .主題顯著，突出主題，而非單單的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，注重句子的“意和”，這就要求我們透過(guò)句子的表層結(jié)構(gòu)，深入到句子的內(nèi)涵，先抓“整體”印象，充分理解過(guò)以后再把原文的意思形象翻譯出來(lái)。
而英語(yǔ)則不然，英語(yǔ)突出主語(yǔ)，往往是評(píng)論、觀點(diǎn)在前，敘述、原因在后；表面形式上追求句子的“形和”，對(duì)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)要求非常嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡，往往借助于句法、詞法（如主從句、分詞、不定式等手段）來(lái)維持句子表面上的平衡、完整性，極力避免句子的“頭重腳輕”（因此，也就出現(xiàn)了許多“it is said that …”等等無(wú)主句）。所以，英文則是把作者的觀點(diǎn)、主張放在前面，以后再跟著原因、結(jié)果和目的等等從句。這些現(xiàn)象在新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)里尤其明顯，難怪有人說(shuō)，“漢語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)好比一根竹子，一節(jié)一節(jié)地連下去，而英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)好比一竄葡萄，主桿可能很短，累累的果實(shí)附著在上面�！本唧w情況如下：
II. 英漢互譯時(shí)的時(shí)間順序?qū)Ρ龋?.The old-fashioned general store is fast disappearing.Thisis， perhaps， a pity ，because shopping today seems to lack that personal element which existedwhen shop keeper knew all his regular customers personally. 舊時(shí)的百貨店很快就消失了。過(guò)去，店主私下里都認(rèn)識(shí)他的老主顧們，而在今天這種事情再也不復(fù)存在了，這實(shí)在是太可惜了。
2.American education owes a great deal to Tomas Jefferson ……
托馬斯。杰弗遜為美國(guó)的教育作出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)。
下面的句子屬倒裝句型，是典型的英漢在翻譯時(shí)的順序差異：
1.Under the dust was a color map of Paris.（巴黎地圖上布滿了灰塵。）
2.Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday. （卡片上“生日快樂(lè)”字樣的下面寫著一條消息。）
正是由于以上的原因，才會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩種語(yǔ)言在思維習(xí)慣、邏輯推理上的不同：
III.英漢互譯時(shí)邏輯思維順序上的差異：如上所述，如果一個(gè)句子里既有敘事的部分，又有表態(tài)的部分，在漢語(yǔ)里往往是敘事在前，表態(tài)在后，敘事部分可以很長(zhǎng)，表態(tài)部分一般都很短。而在英語(yǔ)里則往往相反，表態(tài)在前，敘事在后。例如：1.表原因：a ……I am very happy and grateful to receiveyour message of greetings.接到你們的賀函，我十分愉快和感謝。
不過(guò)，處理這種句行時(shí)要注意英漢互譯時(shí)的順序問(wèn)題，例如：
My friend asked the question when I told him that I didn't want to be considered foran administrative position. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a "stepup" toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up： money and power. 所有美國(guó)人受的教育就是：長(zhǎng)大成人后應(yīng)該追求金錢和權(quán)力，而我卻偏偏不要明明是朝這個(gè)目標(biāo) "邁進(jìn)" 的工作，他對(duì)此大或不解。
2.表目的The two sides agreed that it is desirable to broaden the understanding betweenthe two peoples.雙方同意，擴(kuò)大兩國(guó)人民之間的了解是可取的。
3.表?xiàng)l件和結(jié)果時(shí)的順序：a.One can never succeed without making great 1（結(jié)果） 2（條件）
efforts.譯文：（不努力就不會(huì)成功。）
2 （條件） 1（結(jié)果）
4.在表示讓步的句子里，通常也是原因在前，結(jié)果在后：Young as he is， he works hard.（盡管他很年輕，可他工作很買力。）
另外：下面的這個(gè)句子也可以視為結(jié)果一類的句子，它的英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的順序很能說(shuō)明問(wèn)題：
c.在當(dāng)今的教育界，已經(jīng)涌現(xiàn)出了大批的優(yōu)秀人才。
Large numbers of talented persons have come to the fore in today‘s education circle.
d. Little is known about the effect of life-long drinking.人們關(guān)于終生飲酒的效果卻知道的很少
III.因語(yǔ)法手段而造成的英漢次序不一1.另外一些表示存在句的句子里也可見到大量的英漢次序不一的現(xiàn)象：There was rising in him a dreadful uneasiness ； something very precious thathe wanted to hold seemed close to destruction.（他心里涌起一種難言的焦灼，因?yàn)樗瓉?lái)一直想保住的東西現(xiàn)在好象要?dú)缌�。�?
另外，英語(yǔ)里的有些形式主語(yǔ)也大都采用了倒裝詞序：2.無(wú)主句：It suddenly dawned on methat this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour ， but barely chuggingalong at thirty.（后來(lái)，我才突然明白，這次快車并非以90英里的時(shí)速疾弛而下，而只不過(guò)是以30英里的時(shí)速慢慢向前行駛。）
It is reported that …………
3.在某些表示“融合性”的定語(yǔ)從句中：a.There are many people who want to see the film.（許多人要看這部電影）
b.There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. （樓下有人要見你）
4.倒裝句形a.Not a single word have we written down as yet.（否定）
（我們連一個(gè)字都沒(méi)有寫。）
b.Little does he realize the danger he is in（否定）
（他一點(diǎn)都沒(méi)有意識(shí)到危險(xiǎn)性。）
IV. 因句子結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換而造成的詞序不一：Cold drinks will be available at the Sports Center.運(yùn)動(dòng)中心也提供冷飲。（狀語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯成主語(yǔ)）
V.注意下面的一些特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)：
中國(guó)自從改革開放以來(lái)，發(fā)生了很大的變化。
有人竟然翻譯成：1.誤：Since China ‘s policy of reform and opening， China has takenplace a great many changes.
正：A great many changes have taken place in China since the policy of reform andopening to the outside world.
2.輪子是公元前六世紀(jì)發(fā)明的。
600 B.C. saw the invention of wheel.
英漢互譯時(shí)的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換
I.英語(yǔ)的名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：英漢兩種語(yǔ)言具有不同的辭語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。在漢語(yǔ)里，一個(gè)句子可以有多個(gè)動(dòng)詞并排使用，不管有多少動(dòng)詞，都可以按照先后的順序一個(gè)一個(gè)地排下去；而英語(yǔ)則是一門靜止的語(yǔ)言，在同等條件下，選擇用名詞的情況居多數(shù)，例如：
1.在名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞的句子中：a. My shock and embarrassment at finding Mother in tearson Wednesday was a perfect index of how little I understood the pressures on her（我星期三發(fā)現(xiàn)媽媽在流眼淚而感到震驚、尷尬，這就表明我對(duì)媽媽所承受的壓力知道的多么少。）
在這個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，shock ， embarrassment， index等等都是英語(yǔ)趨向于用名詞而不用動(dòng)詞的最好例子b. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that areout of fashion and they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores.（他們一想到在公共場(chǎng)穿不時(shí)髦的衣服，就感到渾身不自在，而一些商店和設(shè)計(jì)師們正是利用了他們的這種弱點(diǎn)。）
c. As a boy and then as an adult， I never lost my wonder at the personality thatwas Einstein. （不論是在兒時(shí)還是長(zhǎng)大以后，我一直都對(duì)愛因斯坦的人格感到很好奇。）
d. Most of my friends live in the city， yet they always to into raptures at the meremention of the country. （我的大多數(shù)朋友都住在城里，然而，他們只要一提起鄉(xiāng)村就欣喜若狂。）
e. The availability of information on the INTERNET， for example， widens the possibilitiesof informal education immensely.（比如，由于人們能在INTERNET網(wǎng)上可以得到信息，這就大大擴(kuò)大了獲得非正規(guī)教育的可能性。）
2.在一些特定結(jié)構(gòu)中，如：介詞+ 名詞= 副詞a. It is wise of him to deal with the delicateproblem with care and with calmness.（他很明智，在處理這一敏感問(wèn)題時(shí)及盡仔細(xì)和謹(jǐn)慎。）
b. Einstein watched it in delight ， trying to deduce the operating principle.（愛因斯坦很欣喜地看著它，想推斷出其中的操作原理。）
c. The soldier stared in surprise at the old farmer and the girl. （那個(gè)士兵很震驚地看著那個(gè)老農(nóng)夫和女孩。）
d. The old man looked closely at the row of puddings with great interest（老人很感興趣地仔細(xì)打量起一排布丁。）
| 北京 | 天津 | 上海 | 江蘇 | 山東 |
| 安徽 | 浙江 | 江西 | 福建 | 深圳 |
| 廣東 | 河北 | 湖南 | 廣西 | 河南 |
| 海南 | 湖北 | 四川 | 重慶 | 云南 |
| 貴州 | 西藏 | 新疆 | 陜西 | 山西 |
| 寧夏 | 甘肅 | 青海 | 遼寧 | 吉林 |
| 黑龍江 | 內(nèi)蒙古 |
