自學(xué)高教自考英語翻譯方法

減詞：

I.和一些單詞有關(guān)系的減詞法1.省略“范疇”詞：先看下面的例子：a.系里的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)來找他做說服工作。

（The leader of the department came to him to the undertake the persuasion）

b.這次考試不及格，使他深切認(rèn)識到寫好作文在學(xué)習(xí)英文中的重要性。

（The failure of this exam made him aware of the importance of writing in learningEnglish.）

c.這本書的目的是改進(jìn)學(xué)生們的理解能力。

II. 表示邏輯關(guān)系上的減詞：1.省去句子的主要結(jié)構(gòu)只保留關(guān)聯(lián)詞：a. The store manager mayadvise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so ， the consumer should do this， statingthe complaint as politely and as firmly as possible.（商店的老板會建議顧客給制造商寫信。要真是這樣的話，顧客應(yīng)該盡量把投訴書寫的禮貌些、措辭更堅定一些。）

b. And how can it be otherwise， when the range of knowledge is so vast that the experthimself is an ignoramus as soon as he strays away from his own specialty. （可是不這樣，有能有什么別的更好的辦法呢？知識的范圍如此廣袤，一旦越出其專業(yè)范圍，連專家也會變得一無所知。）

c. It must be admitted that every nation has its strong points. If not， how can itsurvive ？

（每個民族都有它的優(yōu)點，不然，怎么可以生存下來？）

2.省去主語：d. When completed ， this bridge will be the largest in Asia. （這座橋一旦竣工將是亞洲最大的。）

e. In some organization ， important papers ， letters， speeches ， documents， etc，are kept on file so that they can be easily obtained when needed. （在許多組織里，重要的文件、信函、演講材料、檔案都保存在文件夾里，以便需要時很容易查到。）

翻譯時句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)換: 英譯漢時，有時為了通順，往往需要將原文的某一句子成分轉(zhuǎn)譯成另一部分進(jìn)行句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)換：非主語轉(zhuǎn)譯成主語：定語譯為主語a. If there should be any last-minute change in the sialing time, we'll contact you by telephone.開船時間假如臨時有更改，我們會用電話通知你。（狀語譯為主語）b. In many countries, free-port areas or foreign-trade zones have been established, where foreign merchants need not pay tariffs fort their unloaded goods if the goods remain within these areas or zones. 許多國家都建立了自由港和保稅區(qū)，在那里，外國商人只要是在本區(qū)內(nèi)，未卸船的貨物可以不納稅。 c. The average temperature in summeris as hight as 35C. One can not be pleasant living in that place.夏天的平均溫度高達(dá)攝氏35C，生活在那里不可能舒服。d. A good many new books were published by the Foreign Language Press last year. 外文出版社去年出版了許多新書。

謂語譯為主語e. When a material is stressed byong the elastic limit a permaent deformation results.當(dāng)一種材料的應(yīng)力超過彈性極限時，就會產(chǎn)生永久變形。表語譯為主語f. Television is different from radio in that its sends and receives pictures.電視和無線電的不同點在于電視能收發(fā)圖象。 賓語轉(zhuǎn)譯成主語g. The wise buyer finds ways to make sure that wrong thinking is not allowed to interfere with careful planning in this purchases。 （明智的購買者盡量做到購買時不讓錯誤的想法干擾。） His father flew into rage with what he had done. （他的所作所為讓他的父親大為光火。）

被動 語態(tài) 一般是，主謂語的位子翻譯成漢語時需要顛倒，即原來的主語作賓語：h.Drastic action must be taken if they want to reduce traffic accidents and air pollution.(如果他們想減少交通事故和污染，就必須迅速采取措施。)i. I was totally upset by what he did in the exam. (他考試時的表現(xiàn)確實讓我很擔(dān)心。)j Asia was passed over by the industrial revolution.（工業(yè)革命沒有光顧亞洲。）

譯成帶“是”的結(jié)構(gòu)：k. We were moved to tears by the fact that he came to the meeting in spite of his illness. （最讓我感激涕零的是，他帶病堅持來開會。）譯成： “由”“把”，“使”等字引導(dǎo)的句子：l. His mother was dismissed due to the fact that she couldn't type fast enough. ( 老板把他的媽媽給解雇了，因為他打字不夠快。)m. She was worried ,because her son had written for a long time.（ 她兒子很長時間沒給她寫信了，這可把她給擔(dān)心壞 了。）n. Wind is caused by air moving between cold and warm region. (風(fēng)是由冷暖地區(qū)流動著的空氣引起的。)

非謂語轉(zhuǎn)譯成謂語：The new rule is applicable to foreigners.這一項新規(guī)定適用與外國人。（表語譯為謂語）There is a need for improvement in your study habits你的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣需要改進(jìn)（主語譯為謂語）

非賓語轉(zhuǎn)譯成賓語： 主語轉(zhuǎn)譯成賓語a. After he was elected chairman of the committee, Mr. Smith was found working in the lab early in the morning.(史密斯當(dāng)選以后， 人們發(fā)現(xiàn)他一大早就到辦公室工作了。)b. Much progress has been made in computer science in less than a century.c. 不到一個世紀(jì)，計算機科學(xué)取得了很大進(jìn)步。（主語譯為賓語）How much risk does internationalizaion contain for national identity?(一個國家會在國際化中會有喪失自己的危險嗎？)

主語譯為賓語，狀語譯為主語The amounht of energy thus lost can be considerably reduced and the life of the macnine prolonged by careful lubrication. 小心加以潤滑能大大地減少這樣所損失的能量并延長機器壽命。

狀語譯為賓語Materials to be used for strutural prupose are chosen so as too behave elastically in the environmental condition.結(jié)構(gòu)上用的材料必須選擇得使它們在周圍環(huán)境條件下具有彈性。

非定語轉(zhuǎn)譯為定語主語譯為定語a. The service university is characterized by several features: the existence of professional schools, short tailor-made course, contracting of services and funding by contracts. (大學(xué)提供服務(wù)的主要特征有以下幾點：建立職業(yè)學(xué)校、短期培訓(xùn)學(xué)校以及提供服務(wù)與資助之間的合同簽定等。 )b. The satellite system use this device in varied forms.衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)上的這種裝置有各種不同的形狀。（

賓語轉(zhuǎn)譯成定語c. His speech on the current international economic situation produce the profound influence on research work of that subject. （他的關(guān)于目前國際經(jīng)濟(jì)形式的講話，對我們的研究工作產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。

狀語譯為定語d. In his composition he made few spelling mistakes.他在作文中的拼寫錯誤很少。

主語譯為定語，謂語譯為主語The communications system is chiefly characterized by its ease with which it can be maintained.這一通訊系統(tǒng)的主要特征是容易維修。 非狀語轉(zhuǎn)譯為狀語

賓語補足語譯為狀語a. Don't you see it was just in fun ? You got it all wrong.你沒看出那不過是開開玩笑嗎？你完全誤解了。The professor showed her much attention and gave her some private coaching.教授對她很關(guān)心，給他一些個別輔導(dǎo)。（定語譯為狀語）

主語轉(zhuǎn)譯成狀語b. After that, his youthful indifference to studies and his unwillingness to think of a nonsports career caught up with him.（在那之后，由于他年輕時候?qū)�學(xué)習(xí)毫不關(guān)心，以及不愿意考慮與運動無關(guān)的事情，他終于得到了報應(yīng)。）

定語轉(zhuǎn)譯成狀語c. We need a dialogue which promotes our mutual responsibility to the international community.

（我們需要對話來推進(jìn)我們兩國對國際社會所應(yīng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。）d. We need a dialogue that prevents any single issue form holding the entire relationship captive. （我們需要對話來防止任何有礙兩國關(guān)系的事情發(fā)生。）e. His lack of interest in the project upset his colleagues who were trying every possible means to have it carried out. (他對該計劃表露出了不感興趣，這使得他的同事們很擔(dān)心，因為他們正在盡一切辦法來履行這項計劃。)

賓語譯成狀語：f. There is high probability that in the 21st century a good number of universities will excel in service rather than conventional academic research.( 在21世紀(jì)，很多大學(xué)極有可能會在（大學(xué)提供）服務(wù)而不是傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)術(shù)研究方面大顯身手。)

轉(zhuǎn)譯成謂語或者主謂結(jié)構(gòu)：a. I would like to draw your attention to those sides of introduction of information technologies which can pose new problems for education. （ 我想請大家注意的是，介紹信息技術(shù)會給教育提出一些新的問題。）b. The security and warmth of the destroyer's sick bay were wonderful.(驅(qū)逐艦的病房非常安全，同時，也非常溫暖。)

翻譯時句子結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換：

在英譯漢時有時需要將整個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換。例如，把英語的簡單句譯成漢語的復(fù)合句，把一種從句譯成另一種從句，把并列句譯成復(fù)合句等，這主要是為了使譯文通順自然，符合漢語的習(xí)慣。

轉(zhuǎn)譯成主從復(fù)合句1.簡單句轉(zhuǎn)譯成復(fù)合句a. At the slightest improvement in my work theywoiuld show warm approval.我工作梢有改進(jìn)，他們就熱情肯定。

b. His wish is to become a doctor born of a desire to help sick people. 他之所以想當(dāng)醫(yī)生是因為他想幫助病人。

c. With the boy leading ， the two started towards the village. 孩子在前面帶路，兩人朝村里走去。

d. Now we have shown their srory to be false. 現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)證明他們的這套話是虛假的。

e. I have read of people living sevral weeks on nothing but a gladss of warter a day.我曾經(jīng)從書報上看到過有人一連幾個星期只靠一杯水維持生命。

F. He differed from his workmates in spending his spare time reading. 他跟他的伙伴們不同，他把業(yè)余時間用在讀書上了。

并列句轉(zhuǎn)譯成復(fù)合句：有時，英語的幾個小分句譯成漢語后就變成了一個主從復(fù)和句，例如：a. Choosing the right career is very important. Most of us spend a great part of our livesat our jobs. For that reason we should try to find out what our talents are and how we canuse them. （選則適合自己的工作是很重要的，因為工作占據(jù)了我們一生中的大部分時間，所以，我們應(yīng)盡可能認(rèn)識一下自己的天賦在什么地方以及怎么樣發(fā)揮等。）

分詞短語還原譯成復(fù)合句：b. People exposed to bright red show an increase in heartbeat，and blood pressure； red is exciting. （如果將人暴露給紅顏色，他們就會顯露出心跳加快、血壓增高等；紅顏色讓人興奮。）

c. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative andless vivacious than inhabitants of countries where the climate is more equable（穩(wěn)定的）。

（一些人如果生活在有漫長、灰暗冬天的農(nóng)村比起氣候穩(wěn)定地區(qū)的人來說較容易沉默寡言，也不活潑。）

短語轉(zhuǎn)譯成主從復(fù)合句a. He always tries his utmost to extend help to others whenevernecessary.（不管什么時候，只要有可能，他都會幫助別人。）

b. If pressed further ， they would become angry. （如果追問急了，他們會很生氣的。）

c. Although he didn ‘t like his job， Bill didn't want to disappoint his wife bygiving up his well-paid new position. （盡管不喜歡他的工作，可他不想放棄，因為那樣會讓他的妻子很失望。）

d. Something fell in， for I heard a splash.有東西掉進(jìn)去了，因為我聽到撲通一聲。

e. This machine is simple in design ， yet it is efficient in operation.雖然這臺機器結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，但功效很高。

2.復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)譯成簡單句While I sympathize， I can‘t really do very much to help.我真是愛莫能助。

This is what the molecular frmula means.這就是此分子式的含義。

There ‘s something （that）you don 't know. 這些事你不知道。

I must get down to work tonight ， as I ‘ve got exams next week. 今晚我得開始認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí)功課，下星期要考試了。

This cause the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of humanbeings are crowded together.這樣就蓋起了許許多多聚居的高樓大廈。

When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people， we are not merely being polite.（我們贊美中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和中國人民不僅僅是出于禮貌。）

3.轉(zhuǎn)譯成并列句主從復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)譯成并列句a. It couldn‘t have happened except that it did.按理說，那是不會發(fā)生的，但卻發(fā)生了。

Besides that the teacher explained the theory ， he gave the students a lot of examples.教師不僅講解了理論，而且還給學(xué)生舉了許多例子。

b. While wheels have brought better and more convenient transportation， they havealso brought new and unforeseen problems. （輪子帶來了更便利的交通手段，可也帶來了新的、原來沒有過的問題。）

獨立結(jié)構(gòu)譯成并列句：a. With the job finished， they went to the seaside for a holiday.（工作做完以后，他們就到海邊度假去了。）

b. With all his savings gone， he started to look for a job.（積蓄都用完以后，他就開始去找工作。）

簡單句轉(zhuǎn)譯成并列句：He was terribly frightened. He had no gun in the shop. His onlyweapon was the pair of scissors he used for cutting cloth.（他一下子給嚇懵了，店里有沒有武器，唯一有的就是剪布用的一把剪刀。）

3.副詞譯成介詞短語：And although you may not like it， if she chooses your doorwayas her place to sleep in the night， it is morally hard to turn her away as it is a lost dog.（不管你喜不喜歡，如果她把你家的門廊作為她晚間棲息的場所，從道義上講，你很難將她趕走，這就象很難趕走一個喪家犬一樣。）

4.不同種類從句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換Electonic computers ， which have many advantgages， cannotcarry out creative work and replace man.雖然電子計算機有很多優(yōu)點，但它們不能進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性工作，因此代替不了人。（定語譯成狀語）

Gases are different from solic in that the former have greater comprssibililty thanthe latter. 氣體不同與固體，因為氣體比固體有更大的壓縮性（定語從句譯為狀語從句）