請閱讀Passage Two，完成第26—30小題。

　　Passage Two

　　It is generally agreed that the first true cities appeared about 5，000 years ago in the food-produ-cing communities of the Middle East.The cities of Sumeria，Egypt and the Indus Valley possessed anumber of characteristics that distinguished them as truly urban.The cities were very much large and more densely populated than any previous settlement，and their function was clearly differentiated from that of the surrounding villages.In the cities the old patterns of kinship relations were replaced by a complex hierarchy of social classes based on the specialization of labor.Moreover，the need tokeep records led to the development of writing and arithmetic，and the increased sophistication of ur-ban society gave a new impetus to artistic expression of evei'y kind.

　　When the basis of city life was established in Europe，the urban tradition was drawn from the ancient cities of the Middle East，via the civilization of Greece and Rome.We can trace three main phases in the growth of the West European city.The first of these is the medieval phase，which ex-tends from the beginning of the11 th century A.D.to about 1，500 to the beginning of the l9th cen-tury.The third is the modern phase extending from the early l9th century to the present day.

　　Every medieval city began as a small settlement，which grew up round a geographical or cultural focal point.This would be a permanent structure such as a stronghold，a cathedral or a large church.

　　In districts where travel and trade were well established，it might be a market，a river crossing，or a place where two or more trade routes met，in studies of urban geography the oldest part of town is re-ferred to as the nuclear settlement.There are many small town in Europe where it is still possible totrace the outline of the original nuclear semement.It is，of course，mllch more difficult to do as in the case of a large modem city which has grown to many times its original size.

　　26.The ancient cities were characterized by all the following except__________.

　　A.1arger populations

　　B.different roles

　　C.different social classes

　　D.different locations

　　27.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A.West European cities established their own urban traditions.

　　B.West European cities grew directly out of those in the Middle East.

　　C.Cities appeared earlier in the Middle East cities went through the same phases.

　　D.West European and Middle East cities went through the same phases.

　　28.Which of the foilowing could be regarded as a geographical focal point?

　　A.A local restaurant

　　B.A town hall

　　C.A local theatre

　　D.An open manet

　　29.Itis easier to locateits originalnu clear settlement of a small town__________.

　　A.because it began as a small seltlement

　　B.because it is less developed

　　C.because of its small size

　　D.because of its location

　　30.Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?

　　A.The Origin and Development of Cities

　　B.The Differences between a Modern City and an Ancient City

　　C.The Functions of a City

　　D.The Characteristics of an Ancient City

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