2)修飾同現(xiàn)
③ (Although) these wide modern roads are generally __72__ and well maintained, with (little) sharp curves and many straight __74__, a direct route is not always the most (enjoyable one).
72. A. stable B. smooth C. splendid D. complicated
74. A. selections B. separations C. series D. sections
本題涉及到名詞同現(xiàn)和形容詞同現(xiàn)。與高速公路同現(xiàn)的形容詞自然應(yīng)該是"平坦"，有高速公路同現(xiàn)的名詞自然有路段。由此來判斷可知72答案為B，74答案為D�！�
3)因果同現(xiàn)
�、堋urthermore, these highways generally __77__ large urban centers which means that they become crowded with __78_ traffic during rush hours.
77. A. lead B. connect C. collect D. communicate
78. A. large B. fast C. light D. heavy
道路的作用是連接人們有去之處,目的是為了交通,因此,highways, connect, traffic為同現(xiàn)詞匯，而與traffic同現(xiàn)的形容詞有l(wèi)ight, heavy。由此可見77答案為B，78答案可為C，也可為D。但與rush hour同現(xiàn)的卻只能是heavy traffic，所以78題答案為D�！�
4)結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)
⑤ _84__ of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads (curving) through the country.
84. A. All B. Lots C. Several D. Some
如果考生熟悉some與others結(jié)構(gòu)上的同現(xiàn)關(guān)系，就用不著在分析數(shù)量上下功夫，答案自然可得。
�、蕖ever ask a child __64__ he likes or dislikes a food and never (discuss) likes and dislikes in front of or allow (anyone) else to do so.
64. A. whether B. what C. that D. which
本題考查的乃是結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)，與or 搭配的只有whether，即A�！�
5)同義同現(xiàn)
�、摺f a student has problem with classroom work, the student should either __89__ a professor during office hours __90__ make an appointment.
89. A. greet B. attach C. approach D. annoy
90. A. or B. and C. to D. but
90 與either構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn) either … or，89與make an appointment為近義同現(xiàn)。make an appointment就是approach(接近)老師的一種方式，所以89題答案為C.
(三) 邏輯關(guān)系
一個(gè)完整的語篇應(yīng)該是符合邏輯的，文章邏輯關(guān)系的取得主要靠轉(zhuǎn)承語的使用。正確使用轉(zhuǎn)承語，是保證文章連貫和諧，保證文章邏輯的有效手段。作者利用轉(zhuǎn)承語保證文章的邏輯，同學(xué)們?cè)谧鐾晷翁羁諘r(shí)通過自己對(duì)上下文的理解，找到適當(dāng)?shù)倪壿嬯P(guān)系，然后選擇正確的轉(zhuǎn)承語。因此同學(xué)們有必要掌握各種轉(zhuǎn)承語的用法�！�
完形填空的目的不是閱讀，而是根據(jù)閱讀掌握的信息恢復(fù)作者寫作的原貌。從轉(zhuǎn)承語上來說，即要求考生根據(jù)文章的語意發(fā)展和邏輯關(guān)系，確定適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語。
轉(zhuǎn)承語與連詞不同。連詞一般是句子層面上的東西，要求考生所理解的是一句中主從句之間的語意聯(lián)系，而轉(zhuǎn)承語要求考生掌握的是語篇層面上的東西，考生需根據(jù)語篇上下文的邏輯關(guān)系才能確定適當(dāng)?shù)谋磉_(dá)方式。因此，在轉(zhuǎn)承語的選擇上，同學(xué)們要仔細(xì)閱讀文章的上下文內(nèi)容，從整體上去把握。試看下列例題：
① The foreign research scholar usually isolates (himself) in the laboratory as a means of protection; __77_, what he needs is to be fitted (with) a highly organized university system quite different from (that) at home.
77. A. otherwise B. moreover C. however D. also
外籍研究學(xué)者習(xí)慣于將自己關(guān)閉在實(shí)驗(yàn)室之內(nèi)，而他們所需要的卻是溶入與他們?cè)瓉硭幍慕逃w系不同的體系之內(nèi)。從上下文來看，兩句的關(guān)系為轉(zhuǎn)折，所以答案為C�！�
② …………a geographer might be described (as) one who observes, records, and explains the (differences) between places. If all places (were) alike, there would be little need for geographers. We know, however, (that) no two places are exactly the same. Geography, __89_, is a point of view, a special way of (looking) at places.
89. A. still B. then c. nevertheless D. moreover
在討論了對(duì)地理學(xué)的研究之后，于文章的最后結(jié)論道，"地理學(xué)也是一種觀點(diǎn)，一種觀察不同地區(qū)的特殊方法"。由此可見，89 答案為B�！�
�、邸n the United States, professor have many other duties (besides) teaching, such as administrative or research work. __87__ the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (limited).
87. A. However B. Furthermore C. Therefore D. Nevertheless
因?yàn)榻淌趥兊墓ぷ骱芏�，不只是教學(xué)，所以他們能與學(xué)生在一起的時(shí)間比較有限。從上下文的邏輯關(guān)系來看，應(yīng)該是因果關(guān)系，答案為C�！�
�、堋he plane was now dangerously close (to) the ground, but to everyone's (relief), it soon began to climb. The man had to (circle) the airport several times in order to become (familiar) with the controls of the plane. __86__ the danger had not yet passed. The terrible (moment) came when he had to land.
86. A. Then B. Therefore C. But D. Moreover
飛機(jī)又爬到空中，在機(jī)場(chǎng)盤旋了幾次，"駕駛員"也熟悉了飛機(jī)的操作，似乎危險(xiǎn)已過，但情況遠(yuǎn)非如此。從下文中所介紹的飛機(jī)降落時(shí)的情況可以看出86答案應(yīng)該是C�！�
�、荨tudents find preparatory method helpful (in) examinations. They read over the questions (before) trying to answer any of them. __84___ they answer first the ones (in) which they are most confident. Meanwhile, deeper mental activities in the subconscious mind are taking (place); work is being done on the (less) difficult question. By the time the easier questions are answered, answers (to) the more difficult ones will begin to come into consciousness.
84. A. Thus B. But C. Therefore D. Then
這里介紹了在解答問題時(shí)"準(zhǔn)備工作"的重要性。學(xué)生在回答問題之前先閱讀所有的問題，然后先回答比較容易的，比較容易的問答完之后，對(duì)難的問題的答案也就自然而然地在大腦總出現(xiàn)。這反映出預(yù)先閱讀的重要性�？忌诎阉羞@些讀清楚之后，就自然會(huì)清楚84處所表示的 時(shí)間上的關(guān)系，也就可以判斷答案為D�！�
�、蕖 land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply - all these were important (factors) in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. __72___ they were not enough. Something (else) was needed to start the industrial process. That "something special" was men.
72. A. But B. Besides C. And D. Even
文章首先介紹財(cái)富，資源，勞動(dòng)力在工業(yè)革命中的作用，然后筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)提出文章的主題，發(fā)明機(jī)器的人。從這關(guān)系上看，72處應(yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。答案為A�！�
⑦ The word "etiquette", which is (of) French origin and originally meant a label, (or) a sign, passed into Spanish and kept its original meaning. So in Spanish the word "etiquette" today is used to (indicate) the small tags which a store (attaches) to a suit, a dress or a bottle. The word "etiquette" in French, __79__, gradually developed a different meaning. It __80__ became the custom to write directions on small cards, or "etiquette", as to how visitors should dress themselves and (act) during an important ceremony at the royal court. __82_, the word "etiquette" began to indicate a system of correct manners for people to follow.
79. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. furthermore
80. A. late B. lately C. latest D. later
82. A. Nevertheless B. Also C. Yet D. Thus
這一部分介紹了語言中單詞意思的變化。列舉了兩種情況，一種是單詞意思沒有變化，另一種是發(fā)生了變化，因此兩者之間的關(guān)系為對(duì)比，從文章敘述的邏輯來看是轉(zhuǎn)折，79答案為B。在介紹單詞意思變化時(shí)介紹了"etiquette"在法語中的變化過程。這個(gè)變化過程是一個(gè)時(shí)間的過程，80答案為D。在介紹"etiquette"的意思變化時(shí)通過一種習(xí)俗加以說明，上下為因果關(guān)系，82答案為D�！�
(四)根據(jù)文章的類型結(jié)構(gòu)解答完形填空
四六級(jí)完形填空多以說明文和議論文為主，說明文，議論文一般采用分類、比較對(duì)照、因果、例證等方式謀篇。正確把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)類型有助于文章的理解，也因此有助于完形填空的解答。完形填空的任務(wù)是在正確理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上再現(xiàn)作者的語言表達(dá)方式。為此，同學(xué)們應(yīng)注意加強(qiáng)文章謀篇布局的分析�！�
1．四級(jí)完形填空的段落類型
1) 比較對(duì)照型
比較對(duì)照是四六級(jí)英語考試完形填空中比較常用的一種段落格式。在解答這類完形填空時(shí)考生應(yīng)注意利用比較對(duì)照模式所提供的信息，包括對(duì)比項(xiàng)各自的特點(diǎn)，語言表達(dá)的方式，由于對(duì)比的出現(xiàn)，很容易出現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象，考生應(yīng)注意利用這些信息，幫助解答完形填空。如：
The United States is well known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time._71__ these wide modern roads are generally _72__ and well maintained, with __73_ sharp curves and many straight __74__, a direct route is not always the most __75___ one. Large highways often pass __76___ scenic areas and interesting small town. Furthermore, these highways generally __77__ large urban centers which means that they become crowded with ___78__ traffic during rush hours, __79__ the "fast, direct" way becomes a very slow route.
However, there is __80__ always-another route to take __81_ you are not in hurry. Not far from the __82__ new "super highways", there are often older, __83_ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside . __84__ of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads __85_ through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high __86_, or down frightening hillsides to towns __87_ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go place __88__ the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have __89___ to get a fresh, clean __90__ of the world.
71. A. Although B. Because C. Since D. Therefore
72. A. stable B. splendid C. smooth D. complicated
73. A. little B. few C. much D. many
74. A. selections B. separations C. series D. sections
75. A. terrible B. enjoyable C. possible D. profitable
76. A. to B. into C. over D. by
77. A. lead B. connect C. collect D. communicate
78. A. large B. light C. fast D. heavy
79. A. when B. for C. but D. that
80. A. yet B. still C. almost D. quite
81. A. unless B. as C. if D. since
82. A. relatively B. regularly C. respectively D. reasonably
83. A. and B. less C. more D. or
84. A. All B. Several C. Lots D. Some
85. A. driving B. crossing C. curving D. traveling
86. A. rocks B. cliffs C. roads D. paths
87. A. lying B. laying C. laid D. lied
88. A. there B. which C. when D. where
89. A. space B. chance C. period D. spot
90. A. view B. variety C. visit D. virtue
參考答案為：71. A 72. C 73. B 74. D 75. C
76. D 77. B 78. D 79. A 80. C
81. B 82. A 83. B 84. D 85. C
86. B 87. A 88. D 89. C 90. A
再如95年6月四級(jí)完形填空中的兩段。從Many of them were (more) inventors than scientists.可以看出，下文將要比較發(fā)明家與科學(xué)家的不同。帶著這個(gè)問題閱讀，就很容易掌握文章的信息，就不難讀懂純理論科學(xué)家注重的是研究的準(zhǔn)確性，而發(fā)明家注重的是實(shí)用。根據(jù)上下文的對(duì)照關(guān)系可以很輕松地確定答案�！�
The men who __76__ the machines of the Industrial Revolution __77__ from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were __78__ inventors than scientists. A man who is a __79_ scientist is primarily interested in doing his research ___80__. He is not necessarily working __81___ that his findings can be used.
An inventor or one interested in applied science is __82___ trying to make something that has a concrete __83__. He may try to solve a problem by using the theories __84__ science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain __85__ result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of __86__ other objectives.
76. A. employed B. created C. operated D. controlled
77. A. came B. arrived C. stemmed D. appeared
78. A. less B. better C. more D. worse
79. A. genuine B. practical C. pure D. clever
80. A. happily B. occasionally C. reluctantly D. accurately
81. A. now B. and C. all D. so
82. A. seldom B. sometimes C. usually D. never
83. A. plan B. use C. idea D. means
84. A. of B. with C. to D. as
85. A. single B. sole C. specialized D. specific
86. A. few B. those C. many D. all
參考答案�。骸�
76．B 77. A 78. C 79. C 80. D 81. D
82. C 83. B 84. A 85. D 86. C
