判斷
在閱讀中,我們有時(shí)需要對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的正誤作出判斷,有時(shí)需要借助上下文對(duì)個(gè)別詞語(yǔ)的大意作出判斷,有時(shí)需要根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián),對(duì)上下文進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)性判斷,有時(shí)需要在綜合分析的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)判斷得出結(jié)論,有時(shí)還需要對(duì)作者語(yǔ)氣態(tài)度、思想傾向等等作出判斷。判斷貫穿于閱讀的全過(guò)程,也滲透在各種閱讀微技能中。例:
(1) 判斷推測(cè)句中omnivorous一詞的大意
She has a wide interest and is an omnivorous reader.
根據(jù)句中她“興趣廣”這一上文和被修飾的reader一詞,可大概判斷omnivorous具有“興趣廣、什么書(shū)都喜歡讀”等含義。
(2) 根據(jù)前文,判斷下文
Laziness is a sin, everyone knows that. Nevertheless…
A) laziness can actually be helpful
B) laziness is a sign of mental illness
C) laziness is immoral and wasteful
D) you must be careful when you see someone lazy
根據(jù)第一分句的語(yǔ)義傾向和Nevertheless一詞,我們可得出這樣的判斷,即下文要談的內(nèi)容必然與之相反,即談?wù)揕aziness也有其有利、肯定的一面,故A最有可能。