2010年12月英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試必備核心語(yǔ)法(4)

　　過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

　　(1) 由should/would + 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。第一人稱用should; 第二、三人稱用would。美國(guó)英語(yǔ)所有人稱一律用would. should/would 的簡(jiǎn)略形式為’d, 如I’d, you’d; would not 和should not的簡(jiǎn)略形式分別為wouldn’t 和shouldn’t.

　　(2)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事情，多用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。還可以表示過(guò)去的傾向或過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情。如：

　　They asked me if I would go to Guangzhou soon. 他們問(wèn)我是否很快要去廣州。

　　She told me she would come again next week. 她和我說(shuō)她下周還來(lái)。

　　I told him to leave immediately, but he wouldn’t. 我告訴他馬上離開(kāi)，但他不。

　　He’d play the violin when he was in low spirits. 他情緒低落的時(shí)候，就拉小提琴。

　　When I was in college, I would find a part-time job during the summer holidays every year to earn my tuition. 我上大學(xué)的時(shí)候，每年暑假都找份臨時(shí)工掙學(xué)費(fèi)。

　　(3)其他表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　1)were/was going to + 動(dòng)詞原形，表示過(guò)去的安排、打算或確信某事會(huì)發(fā)生，多用于口語(yǔ)。如：

　　I told her I was going to see her that afternoon. 我告訴她我那天下午要去看她。

　　I was sure (that) they were going to do that. 我確信他們要做那件事。

　　2)were/was to + 動(dòng)詞原形，表示安排，命令或后來(lái)將要發(fā)生的事。如：

　　He didn’t know he was to become famous later on. 他不知道以后他會(huì)出名。

　　They were to receive salaries from the government. 他們將接受政府的工資。

　　She and I were to meet at an agreed place. 她和我將在一個(gè)約定的地方見(jiàn)面。

　　3)were/was about to + 動(dòng)詞原形，表示正要、即將發(fā)生的事。如：

　　Mrs. Brown was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first. 布朗夫人剛要開(kāi)始，但是珍妮先說(shuō)話了。

　　He was about to say something more, but then checked himself. 他正要再說(shuō)點(diǎn)什么，卻又打住了。

　　He waited until she was about to leave. 他一直等到她即將離開(kāi)。

　　將來(lái)完成時(shí)

　　(1)構(gòu)成：shall/will + have + 過(guò)去分詞

　　(2)用法：將來(lái)完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞主要表示在將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻或?qū)��?lái)的某一時(shí)刻之前完成的動(dòng)作，這一動(dòng)作也可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。例如：

　　By seven o’clock this afternoon we shall have got to Shanghai if the train keeps good line. 如果火車運(yùn)行正常，我們今天下午七點(diǎn)就到上海了。

　　Before bedtime Xiao Ming will have completed his work. 到上床睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候，小明會(huì)做完他的工作(或作業(yè))。

　　By February next year this foreign expert will have been here on this job for five years. 到明年二月，這個(gè)外國(guó)專家在這兒做這項(xiàng)工作就滿五年了。

　　By Sept. 2008 Beijing will have held/hosted the Olympic Games.  到2008年9月，北京將舉行完了奧運(yùn)會(huì)。

　　翻譯練習(xí)：

　　1)七月份你們?cè)賮?lái)時(shí)，他們就搬進(jìn)新房子里去了。

　　When you come again in July, they will have moved into a new house.

　　2)到下一個(gè)五一節(jié)，我們?cè)谝黄鸬臅r(shí)間就很長(zhǎng)了。

　　By next May Day we shall have been together for a long time.

　　3)我相信，在你到那兒之前，這些困難他已經(jīng)解決了。

　　I’m sure he will have settled/solved the difficulties before you arrive there.

　　4)到明年七月，我就大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。

　　By July next year, I will have graduated from college.

　　關(guān)于動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的幾點(diǎn)說(shuō)明

　　1、一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞，它們用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　(1)表示心理狀態(tài)的詞：accept, agree, allow, believe, care, dislike, fear, forget, hate, know, like, love, mean, mind, need, prefer, realize, remember, respect, understand, want, wish等。還有 admit, decide, permit, promise, receive, refuse等。

　　I accept what you say. 我接受你說(shuō)的話。

　　I don't agree to this proposal. 我不同意這個(gè)建議。

　　(2)感官動(dòng)詞和表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。系動(dòng)詞：如hear, look, notice, see, smell, sound, taste等詞。表示狀態(tài)的詞：be, belong to, exist, have, remain, seem, stay等詞。例如：

　　I see him now; he’s talking to a girl. 我看見(jiàn)他了，他正在和一個(gè)女孩說(shuō)話。

　　The warships belong to the navy and the tanks belong to the army. 軍艦屬于海軍，坦克屬于陸軍。

　　The tea tastes fresh. 這茶味道很新鮮。

　　It sounds strange, but it is true. 聽(tīng)起來(lái)很奇怪，但這是真的。

　　2、下列句型常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　Here/There+動(dòng)詞+名詞主語(yǔ)：

　　Here comes the bus! 公共汽車來(lái)了。

　　There goes the bell. 鈴聲響了。

　　Here/There+代詞主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞：

　　Here he comes! 他來(lái)了!

　　There he goes! 他走了!

　　在make sure (certain) 后面的從句常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)：

　　There aren’t many seats left for the concert; you’d better make sure that you get one today. 這場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)剩下的座位不多了，你最好今天訂妥一個(gè)位子。

　　I’m leaving now。 -Make sure you lock the window. 我現(xiàn)在走了。 你務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)上。