明師指導(dǎo)：考研英語語法難點(diǎn)精析

語法難點(diǎn)精析之一：被分隔的定語從句

定語從句一般緊接被它所修飾的先行詞；但有時(shí)候它和先行詞之間有可能插入其他成分，使它與先行詞分隔開來，這種定語從句叫作被分隔的定語從句，在閱讀文章時(shí)會經(jīng)常遇到這種情況，在閱讀是要注意識別先行詞的修飾對象。

一般說來，定語從句被分割開來大致有以下三種：

①在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個(gè)狀語。

如：There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.

在太空中有成千上萬的象太陽般的星星。

乍一看，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句在名詞sky的后面，似乎應(yīng)該是修飾sky的。但仔細(xì)一想，”不對啊，天空怎么能象太陽呢？“，原來that引導(dǎo)的定語從句被in the sky這個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語分隔開來，修飾中心詞stars。

②在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個(gè)定語。

如：Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?

你還記得嗎，十年前的一天下午，我來到你家，找你借了一條鉆石項(xiàng)鏈？

when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace實(shí)際上是修飾afternoon而不是修飾 years。ten years ago 實(shí)際上是定語后置修飾afternoon。

③先行詞與定語從句被謂語分隔開來。此時(shí)，先行詞通常是句子的主語，因定語從句較長，主句謂語較短，為使句子平衡，常將定語從句移至謂語之后

如：A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

明天，新（男）老師將來較你德語。

語法難點(diǎn)精析之二：besides,but,except,exept for,excepting,apart from的區(qū)別

（１） besides與except

前者表示＂除．．．以外，還有．．．＂；后者表示＂從整體中除去．．．＂

這個(gè)大家都知道，就不舉例子了．

（２）except與except for

a．除去的和非除去的是同類事物，用except

eg：

All the essays are well written except Nelson's.

Nelson的文章（除去的）和All the essays（非除去的）是同類事物，所以用except．

b．除去的和非除去的不是同類事物，用except for，并且從語氣上通常表示遺憾．

eg：His essay is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.

a few spelling mistakes(除去的）和His essay（非除去的）是不同類的事物．

（３）apart from 具有多重意義：既可表示besides，也可以表示exept或exept for，還可以表示without的意思

eg：

Apart from the cost,it will take a lot of time.(=besides)

The orphan had no one to take care of him apart from his uncle.(=except)

He has done good work,apart from a few slight faults.(=except for)

There can be no knowledge apart from practice.實(shí)踐出真知．（＝without）

（４）excepting =except,但一般用于句首或用于not，without，always等詞之后

eg:

Excepting his brother,they are all right.

Everyone,not excepting myself,must share the blame.

All of us,without excepting those who know more about the subject,should study.

All my brothers com here every day,always excepting the youngest.

（５）but與except同義，但but多用在every，any，no等和由這些詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞如everything，anywhere，nobody等詞以后及all，none之后

eg：

The children go to school everyday but Sunday.

They are all gone but me.

You can get the book anywhere but here.

There is no one but me.

Who but George would do such a thing?