知識樹考研：考研英語綜合教程寶典

【語法注釋】

在現(xiàn)代英語里，時常將關(guān)系副詞how省略掉，或用that代替（不過，這個that也常省略不用。試看例句： ◇Is this the way you do it? (這是不是你做這件事的方法？)◇It depends on the way you start the work. (這要看你開始做這工作的方法而定。)

【復(fù)習(xí)題典】

☆     New York chef Mario Batali is among those rethinking pizza, making it thinner, healthier, and more portable. One size does not fit all: look for designer shop,  （1）you can choose from a wide variety of main and（2）dishes to take home and heat up yourself.

（1）［A］when    ［B］why       ［C］where       ［D］which

（2）［A］small   ［B］side      ［C］minor        ［D］secondary

☆     The survey of some 1,000 taxi drivers said that passengers had lost three times more handheld computers in the second half of 2004 than in 2001,（3）the research by security software company Pointsec was first（4）.  Most of the items were returned to their owners, cab drivers said. Four out of five mobile phones and 19 out of every 20 computers found their（5）back, they said.

（3）［A］which    ［B］where       ［C］when         ［D］what

（4）［A］carried out［B］worked out ［C］found out    ［D］figured out

（5）［A］road       ［B］path        ［C］journey      ［D］way

本小節(jié)答案精解

（1）［答案］［C］where

［考點］根據(jù)從句與主句的關(guān)系選擇關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。

［解析］這句話逗號后面的那部分是非限制性定語從句，從句中沒有缺少的句子成分，因此空格里填的不可能是關(guān)系代詞，立即排除which，逗號前的先行詞是designer shop，即由著名設(shè)計師設(shè)計的熟食店，表示地點，所以選擇［C］。

（2）［答案］［B］side

［考點］名詞詞組的固定搭配。

［解析］英語當(dāng)中主菜與配菜的固定表達(dá)分別是main dish和side dish，所以答案是［B］。

（3）［答案］［C］when

［考點］根據(jù)主句與從句的關(guān)系選擇連詞。

［解析］逗號后是從句，沒有缺失的句子成分，所以不是定語從句，排除which和what，空格前是年份，所以選［C］。

（4）［答案］［A］carried out

［考點］動詞短語辨析，動詞短語和名詞的搭配。

［解析］carry out是“實行，執(zhí)行，進(jìn)行”，work out是“想出，解決，理解”，find out是“找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明(真相)”，figure out是“計算出，想出，理解”。四個選項中只有carry out能和從句里的主語research搭配，所以選［A］。

（5）［答案］［D］way

［考點］動詞固定短語。

［解析］find one’s way是一個固定短語，意思是“設(shè)法到達(dá)，努力達(dá)到”，所以答案是［D］。這句話的意思是：“他們說，每5部手機中有4部，每20臺電腦中有19臺物歸原主。”

5. 連接副詞考點(1) 重點復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容

連接副詞（Conjunctive Adverbs）是考研英語完形和閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)中的必備利器，應(yīng)該精讀這一節(jié)的內(nèi)容。所謂連接副詞，即是具有副詞作用的對等連接詞的作用、連接兩個獨立的句子或從句的副詞。如：however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet, still, moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, thus, so, then, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, all the same, for example, for instance等。舉例說明如下：

◇It was cold. Nonetheless, I went swimming.

（那天很冷。但是，我還是去游泳了。）

◇It was raining; nevertheless, we went to the zoo.

（天正下著雨；但是，我們還是去動物園了。）

◇It was hot. Therefore, we went swimming.

（那天很熱。所以，我們?nèi)ビ斡玖恕＃?/P>

◇Last night’s typhoon damaged the power lines; consequently，the whole city was without electricity for several hours.

（昨晚的臺風(fēng)把電線損毀了；結(jié)果，全市停電了好幾個小時。）

◇It’s too late to go home now. Moreover, it’s beginning to rain.

（現(xiàn)在太晚了不能回家，況且，又開始下雨了。）

◇I’m too tired to go; furthermore, it is too late.

（我太累不能去；況且，又太遲了。）

◇You’d better hurry; otherwise, you will be late.

（你最好趕快；否則，你會遲到。）(2) �？嫉倪B接副詞之比較說明

第1組moreover, furthermore, besides與in addition四者的含義相同，都作“此外，而且”講。在非正式的場合也可用anyway, anyhow, in any case代替。如：

◇ I like to read that newspaper. The news is always reported accurately. Moreover (or Furthermore, Besides, In addition), it has interesting special features.

 （我喜歡看那份報紙。消息報道得一直很正確，而且有些有趣的特別報道。）

 ◇The bill cannot be paid as yet; besides, (or anyway, in any case), the work is not completed.

（目前還不能付錢，而且工作還沒有完成。）

  此句中as yet的含義是“到現(xiàn)在”，相當(dāng)于“up to now”。

 ◇I did not like the house; in addition, it was too high�瞤riced.

 （我不喜歡那房屋，況且價格太高。）

第2組however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet與still的含義相似，都是作“可是，雖然”講，相當(dāng)于“but anyway/anyhow”，“(al) though, even though”。如：

◇She was very sad; however (or nevertheless, nonetheless, still), she smiled and pretended to be having a good time.

(=She was very sad, yet she still smiled and pretended to be having a good time.

=She was very sad, but she smiled and pretended to be having a good time anyway.)

（她非常悲傷，可是她還是帶著微笑假裝很快樂的樣子。）

◇We have to go on foot; still, we’ll get there.

(=Although ［or Though］ we have to go on foot, we’ll get there.

=Even though we have to go on foot, we’ll get there.)

（我們只好步行，雖然如此，我們還是會到達(dá)那里。）

第3組therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence與thus的含義大致相似，都相當(dāng)于“so（所以，因此）”。如：

◇The weather was cold; therefore, we stayed home.

（天氣寒冷。因此，我們待在家里。）

◇He told me the circumstances; accordingly, I acted.

（他告訴了我一切情況，于是我遵照辦理。）

◇My boss just approved the purchase order, hence let’s confirm a delivery date.

（老板剛才批準(zhǔn)了這項購物訂單，所以我們來確定一個交貨的日期。）

◇They found that the new plan was hard to carry out; thus they decided to go back to their original one.

（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那項新計劃難以實現(xiàn)，于是決定回過來采用原先的計劃。）

第4組then用作連接副詞時有三個含義：一為“此外，而且”，相當(dāng)于“besides”；二為“因此”，相當(dāng)于“therefore”；三為“然后”相當(dāng)于“afterwards”。如：

◇ I love my job; then (or besides) it pays so well.

（我熱愛我的工作，而且待遇又這么好。）

◇You broke the window, then (or therefore) you should pay for it.

（你打破了窗子，因此你應(yīng)該賠償。）

◇He used to beat his wife when he was drunk; then, next morning, he told her how sorry he was.

（他過去常在喝醉酒的時候打他的太太，然后，第二天早晨，又向她深致歉意。）    

第5組on the contrary與on the other hand的含義不同，不能互相代換。

On the contrary是用在“前面否定了他人所言，相反的，后面才是事實”的結(jié)構(gòu)里，所以前面通常都是否定的句子或子句；on the other hand是用來表示“前面雖是事實，然而后面也是事實”。再者，on the contrary前后的主詞是指同一對象，后者則不盡然。如：

◇They are not rich. On the contrary, they are poor.

（他們不富有，相反的，他們貧窮。）

◇Mary is rich. On the other hand, John is poor.

（瑪麗富有�？墒牵�約翰貧窮。）

 ◇He is not fat, but on the contrary, he is thin.

（他不胖，相反的，他很瘦。）

◇Some people are fat, but on the other hand, others are thin.

（有些人胖，可是，又有些人瘦。）

◇Some people prefer to live in the country; on the other hand, others prefer to live in town.

（有些人比較喜歡住在鄉(xiāng)下，可是，也有些人倒喜歡住在城里。）

◇It’s not a very nice apartment. On the other hand, it’s cheap.

（那不是個非常好的公寓。可是，很便宜。）

◇The job wasn’t very interesting. But on the other hand, it was well�瞤aid.

（這工作不是很有趣。可是待遇好。）

第6組all the same與on the other hand的含義與用法都同，相當(dāng)于“however”。如：

◇He’s not doing a very good job. All the same, you’ve got to admit that he’s doing his best.

◇He’s not very reliable, but all the same I like him.

 (or He’s not very reliable, but I like him all the same.)

（他不是非�？煽�，可是我還是喜歡他。）

第7組 for example與for instance都可作“例如”講，用法也大致相同。如：

◇There are many interesting places to visit in the city. For example (or For instance), the botanical garden has numerous displays of plants from all over the world.

（這個都市里有許多有趣的地方可以參觀。例如，植物園里有許多來自世界各地的植物展示。）

◇There are many interesting places to visit in the city. The art museum, for instance (or for example), has an excellent collection of modern paintings.

（這個都市里有許多有趣的地方可以參觀。例如，美術(shù)館有非常好的現(xiàn)代畫收藏。）

◇There are many interesting places to visit in the city, for example, (or such as) the botanical garden and the art museum.

（這個城市有許多有趣的地方可以游覽，例如植物園和美術(shù)館。）

【復(fù)習(xí)題典】☆The National Academy of Sciences, which advises the U. S. government, has been studying the issue. In March it plans to present voluntary ethical guidelines for researchers. A chimera is a mixture of two or more(1)in one body. Not all are considered troubling,(2).

(1)［A］species     ［B］types      ［C］sorts     ［D］specimens

(2)［A］however         ［B］although           ［C］though        ［D］moreover☆A(yù)n estimated 11,300 laptop computers, 31,400 handheld computers and 200,000 mobile telephones have been left in taxis around the world during the last six months, according to a survey. Taxi drivers in nine cities also said they had found a range of other items（3）by passengers, including a harp, 37 milk bottles and some artificial limbs. One driver said he（4）found a baby in his taxi.

（3）［A］claimed    ［B］found      ［C］left                  ［D］declared

（4）［A］even       ［B］still      ［C］however            ［D］somehow

本小節(jié)答案精解

(1)［答案］［A］species

［考點］名詞辨析。

［解析］species是“物種”，type是“類型，種類，品種”，sort是“品種，種類”，specimen是“樣本，標(biāo)本，抽樣”。［D］可以立即排除，type和sort的意思相近，是干擾項，同時排除，因此答案是［A］。

(2)［答案］［C］though

 ［考點］連詞與連接副詞用法辨析。

［解析］ however（副詞）常用于句子之間，前后用逗號隔開，although（連詞）可用在句首和句中，但不能用于句末，moreover表示遞進(jìn)邏輯關(guān)系，用于句首和句中，不能用于句末。四個詞中能放在句末的只有 though=nevertheless是連接副詞，意為“可是 ，然而，不過”。

（3）［答案］［C］left

［考點］過去分詞辨析，同時考核句型find sth. +補語（過去分詞）。

［解析］claim是“認(rèn)領(lǐng)，索取”，find是“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，leave是“丟下，遺忘”，declare是“申報 (納稅品、房地產(chǎn)、收益等)”。從文章第一句話可以看出，主題是有關(guān)顧客遺忘在出租車上的物品，那么這里選［C］left。

（4）［答案］［A］even

［考點］連接副詞辨析，判斷前后兩句話在意思上的強調(diào)語氣。

［解析］上面一句話說出租車司機發(fā)現(xiàn)顧客遺忘的東西有一把豎琴，37個奶瓶和一些假肢，這句話說一個司機在車?yán)镎业搅艘粋�嬰兒，前面提到的都是無生命的東西，把這些東西丟在車上還情有可原，有的人居然能把活生生的孩子也忘在車上，確實讓人難以置信，兩句話在意思上是遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系，所以選擇［A］even。