2013中小學(xué)英語教師招聘基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)資料6

　　第一篇 詞法

　　七、 數(shù) 詞

　　(一) 知識(shí)概要

　　數(shù)詞用來表示人或物的數(shù)目多少和順序。所以數(shù)詞主要有兩種：基數(shù)詞，用于計(jì)數(shù)，如：one, two…而序數(shù)詞用于表示位置先后或次序，臺(tái)：first�� second…其構(gòu)成法如下：��

　　阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字 基數(shù)詞 序數(shù)詞 簡寫序數(shù)詞

　　1 one first 1st

　　2 two second 2nd

　　3 three third 3rd

　　4 four fourth 4th

　　5 five fifth 5th

　　6 six sixth 6th

　　7 seven seventh 7th

　　8 eight eighth 8th

　　9 nine ninth 9th

　　10 ten tenth 10th

　　11 eleven eleventh 11th

　　12 twelve twelfth 12th

　　13 thirteen thirteenth 13th

　　14 fourteen fourteenth 14th

　　15 fifteen fifteenth 15th

　　16 sixteen sixteenth 16th

　　17 seventeen seventeenth 17th

　　18 eighteen eighteenth 18yh

　　19 nineteen nineteenth 19th

　　20 twenty twentieth 20th

　　21 twenty-one twenty-first 21st

　　30 thirty thirtieth 30th

　　40 forty fortieth 40th

　　50 fifty fiftieth 50th

　　60 sixty sixtieth 60th

　　70 seventy seventieth 70th

　　80 eighty eightieth 80th

　　90 ninety ninetieth 90th

　　100 a(one)hundred hundredth 100th

　　104 one hundred and four hundred and fourth 104th

　　1000 a(one) thounsand thounsandth 1000th

　　10000 ten thounsand ten thounsandth 10000th

　　1000000 one million millionth 1000000th

　　基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞都有一定的構(gòu)成方法，但都有特殊例外的幾個(gè)字，所以除了要學(xué)會(huì)一般構(gòu)成法之外，還要特別記熟一些例外。因它們?cè)诳荚囍谐霈F(xiàn)的頻率很高。

　　1�� 基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)

　　21～99的兩位數(shù)字，在10位和個(gè)位之間加連字符構(gòu)成，如89-eighty-nine.　101～999的三位數(shù)字，由hundred 加and 再加二位數(shù)或未位數(shù)字，如： 101-one hundred and one, 223-two hundred and twenty-three.　四位以上數(shù)字，應(yīng)從個(gè)位起向前數(shù)三位加逗號(hào)，讀作thousand,再數(shù)三位加第二個(gè)逗號(hào)，讀作million,再數(shù)三位加 逗號(hào)，讀作billion，其讀法如下：

　　1001-one thousand and one　5386-five thousand, three hundred and eighty-six　要注意的是hundred, thousand, million與billion的用法。①前面有別的基數(shù)詞時(shí)，即若干個(gè)百、千、百萬、十億時(shí)，其本身都不要加s，如：three hundred students。 ② 若表示成百，成千或數(shù)百，數(shù)千時(shí)，前面不能有基數(shù)詞，但其本身要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，然后+of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如：thousands and thousands of。 (成千上萬)

　　2�� 序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成法

　　序數(shù)詞除first, second, third 以外，其余一般在詞尾加th構(gòu)成，除一般略有差異的各別數(shù)詞外，很容易掌握。其二位數(shù)或多位數(shù)只將后面的個(gè)位數(shù)字改為序數(shù)詞，其前面各位數(shù)字均不改變，都用基數(shù)詞。

　　3�� 其他數(shù)字表示法

　　小數(shù)的小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作point，零讀作o[�紆]或zero,小數(shù)點(diǎn)后面的數(shù)字按個(gè)位基數(shù)詞依次讀出�！》�?jǐn)?shù)分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，當(dāng)分子大于1 時(shí)，分?jǐn)?shù)要在序數(shù)詞上加s，但1/2用one half, 1 4 用a quarter. 1 3 讀作one third而 2 3 讀作two thirds�！“俜�?jǐn)?shù)(%)，讀作per cent (percent),但不論是多少均用作單數(shù)形式不能加s�！”硎救掌谟袃煞N說法和四種寫法，如：2月1號(hào)英語表達(dá)法為：the first of February而美語為February (the) first,但其書寫上可有四種寫法①　February 1 ② February 1st ③ 1st February ④ 1/2�！”稊�(shù)的講法有所不同。兩倍用twice,而三倍以上用序數(shù)詞加times,如：He has three times as many books as I have.

　　(二) 正誤辨析

　　[誤] 1107 should be read as a thousand a hundred as seven.

　　[正] 1107 should be read as one thousand one hundred and seven.

　　[析] 在讀數(shù)字時(shí)，如：and前只有百或千時(shí)，用one hundred/ one thousand 還是a hundred /a thousand全是可以的。但如果文有百又有千時(shí)，則只能用one不要用a。 如果沒有and時(shí)，如：1100也只能讀作one thousand one hundred 或eleven hundred.

　　[誤] I drove about half mile.

　　[正] I drove about half a mile.

　　[析] 半小時(shí)為half an hour, 半天為half a day, 半鎊為half a pound, 盡量避免用half a year, half a month, 要用six months, two weeks 或 fifteen days 要注意的是Half of the work is done�� Half of the books are sold. 當(dāng)Half 作名詞時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要看of后面的名詞而定。如名詞是不可數(shù)名詞則用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞，如是復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，則要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。要注意的是一個(gè)半的表達(dá)法， 如：One and a half apples is left on the table.其名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語動(dòng)詞則要用單數(shù)。

　　[誤] 60 students are playing on the ground.

　　[正] Sixty students are playing on the ground.

　　[析] 在句首的數(shù)字要用文字而不要用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，如數(shù)字過大則應(yīng)放于句中，用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。如： There are 166 students playing on the ground.

　　[誤] He became famous around fifty years old.

　　[正] He became famous in his fifties.

　　[析] in his fifties 50多歲時(shí)，而in the fiflies 在50年代。

　　[誤] There are about two thousands workers in our factory.

　　[正] There are about two thousand workers in our factory��

　　[析] 幾千，幾百的表達(dá)法是基數(shù)詞加thousand或加hundred,而且均不要加s。這樣的單位還有dozen(打)， score (20年)等。

　　[誤] In the morning there are hundred of old people walking in the park.

　　[正] In the morning there are hundreds of old people walking in the park.

　　[析] 當(dāng)表達(dá)數(shù)百，數(shù)千時(shí)，要用hundreds of和thousands of 這一結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　[誤] The class begins at eight a. m.

　　[正] The class begins at 8 a. m.

　　[析] 與符號(hào)或與縮寫的字母連用時(shí)一定要用數(shù)字，如：43%， 67��, No.2…

　　[誤] Two�瞗ifth of the books are sold out.

　　[正] Two�瞗ifths of the books are sold out.

　　[析] 分?jǐn)?shù)表示法，分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，但分子大于1時(shí)，分母要在序數(shù)詞后�┘觭。

　　[誤] Tom was born on July eighteen.

　　[正] Tom was born on July eighteenth.

　　[析] 月日的表達(dá)法有美語和英語兩種。　 美語 July 18 讀作 July eighteenth　 英語 July 18th 讀作 July the eighteenth

　　[誤] I'll go to school at 7∶30 a. m. in the morning.

　　[正] I'll go to school at 7∶30 a. m/ at 7∶30 in the morning.

　　[析] a. m 即表達(dá)在早上之意，不要再用in the morning.

　　[誤] The film will begin at three quarters past one.

　　[正] The film will begin at one quarter to two.

　　[析] 大于30分鐘時(shí)不要使用past，而要用差多少不到幾點(diǎn)的to來表達(dá)。

　　[誤] Three time three is nine.

　　[正] Three times three is nine.

　　[析] times 此處作為"乘"講一定要加s。 　英語中乘除法表達(dá)式如下：

　　算法 種類 例 句

　　加法 一般 Five and six is eleven.

　　正式 Five plus six is (equals) eleven.

　　減法 一般 Eight take away four leaves (is) four.

　　Four from Eight leaves (is) four.

　　正式 Eight minus four equals (is) four.

　　乘法 一般 Three fours are twelve 3×4=12

　　正式 Three times four equals (is) twelve.

　　一般 Two in to four is two.

　　正式 Four divided by two equals two.