綜合英語(yǔ)(二)常考的語(yǔ)法為:名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),定語(yǔ)從句,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,反意疑問(wèn)句,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,時(shí)態(tài),名詞性從句,形容詞副詞的比較級(jí),主謂一致,倒裝等等。下面我們把這些語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的有重點(diǎn)的講解。
名詞
1. 大多數(shù)集體名詞可作單數(shù),也可作復(fù)數(shù),如: army , audience , class , committee , crew ( 全體船員,乘務(wù)員 ) , crowd , faculty , family , government , group , orchestra , team , union 等。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如: The government is paying close attention to economic development.
The government are having a heated discussion on this matter.
2.有些名詞形式為復(fù)數(shù),卻用作單數(shù),如 :electronics( 電子學(xué) ) , mathematics( 數(shù)學(xué) ) , optics( 光學(xué) ) , politics , statistics( 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué) ), economics (經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)), physics 等。例如 :
Linguistics is a difficult subject to study.
3. 名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),除了man和woman要和中心詞一起變成復(fù)數(shù)之外,其它修飾詞不能變成復(fù)數(shù)。例如
a woman teacher ---- two women teachers
a man doctor ---- two men doctors
a girl student ---- five girl students
a boy student ----six boy students
4. 復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)只把其中所包含的主體名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)。如 : looker(s)-on , runner(s)-up ,
sister(s)-in-law , editor(s)-in-chief ,
passer(s)-by , grand-child(ren) ,
shoe lace(s) , blood type(s) 等。
5. 如果沒(méi)有主體名詞,就在最后一個(gè)詞上加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。如 :
go-between(s) , drawback(s), grown-ups
“Of+抽象名詞”相當(dāng)于形容詞
Of interest----interesting
Of importance---important
Of value---valuable
Of necessity---necessary
Of possibility---possible
Of great importance--- greatly important/very important
Of no value---valueless
切記invaluable=priceless
這里主要講一下 不定代詞some和any。通常some用于肯定句,any 用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句。但在下列情況下例外:
(1)在表示請(qǐng)求、建議時(shí),some及其派生詞可以用于疑問(wèn)句。如:
Would you like some coffee?
Can somebody come and help me?
Could you lend me some books?
Why don’t you buy some flowers for her birthday?
注意“any +單數(shù)名詞”和“any other +單數(shù)名詞”的區(qū)別。現(xiàn)在用兩個(gè)例子進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。
China is larger than any other country in Asia. (China belongs to Asia.)
China is larger than any country in Africa. (China does not belong to Africa.)
(2)any及其派生詞用于肯定句時(shí),起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,意思是 “任何的……” .如:
You can come any day you like. 你哪天來(lái)都行
He is taller than any of the other boys in the class. (any of the other boys=any other boy)
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