參考譯文:如果我們真心實(shí)意而又滿腔熱情地希望整個(gè)人類(lèi)能享有安全與幸福并且自由地發(fā)展其才干,我們就不會(huì)缺少去達(dá)到這一境界的方法。
*While we consider this to be the best form of democracy, it is not without difficulties and possible limitations, some of which may become apparent in this case.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子框架是While…,it is not without difficulties and possible limitations.“while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。相當(dāng)于though,修飾主句。指示代詞this指代前面提到的公眾投票來(lái)決策問(wèn)題的做法。主句中又套嵌數(shù)量詞some of加關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾difficulties and possible limitations.Not without為雙重否定的介詞短語(yǔ),做表語(yǔ),可以譯成肯定句。
參考譯文:雖然我們認(rèn)為這是民主的最完美的形式,但它還有各種困難和潛在的缺陷;在這種情況下有些問(wèn)題變得明顯了。
*But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees; its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in interpersonal relationships in every sphere of daily life.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是But such a system would not only be……its principal advantage would be the improvement of。叫分號(hào)連接兩個(gè)并列分句。sphere意為“領(lǐng)域”。
參考譯文:但是,這樣一種制度將不只是雇主和雇員之間真正自由簽署合同的開(kāi)始;它的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是在日常生活的每一個(gè)領(lǐng)域中使人際關(guān)系吏為自由。
(2)譯文解釋法。這種“擴(kuò)充詞義”的操作策略是:使用添加一定的解釋性、說(shuō)明性的行文。由于中西文化和社會(huì)習(xí)俗的差異,英語(yǔ)的有些詞匯不能直譯出來(lái),有必要對(duì)漢語(yǔ)的詞匯表達(dá)進(jìn)行解釋性、說(shuō)明性的翻譯。
1.In the age of information,we are open books.
*在信息時(shí)代,我們都是公開(kāi)的書(shū)本。
在信息時(shí)代,我們每個(gè)人的一切情況都沒(méi)有什么秘密可言了。
2.This country's economy remains in intensive care.
*該國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)仍處于重病特別護(hù)理中。
該國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)依然處于岌岌可危的境地。
3.Those young people are heading for an early grave through smoking and lack of exercise.
*那些年輕人通過(guò)抽煙和缺少運(yùn)動(dòng),正在向一個(gè)早期墳?zāi)贡既ァ?
那些年輕人由于抽煙加上缺少運(yùn)動(dòng),實(shí)際上是在減短自己的壽命。
4.In that country several million of people have lived near or below the breadline for almost two decades.
在那個(gè)國(guó)家差不多二十年了,生活在貧困線以下,或溫飽問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有完全解決的仍有幾百萬(wàn)人。
*It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant;the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance,the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots,but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是it is not so bad being ignorant if;the hard thing is knowing.……the reality…but no true light……nor even any tunnels……分號(hào)連接兩個(gè)并列分句。前面的分句句首it為形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為being ignorant;if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。后一分句的is knowing…和no true light…nor even any tunnels由but連接做系表謂語(yǔ);句尾that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾tunnels.
此句的短語(yǔ)light at the end of the tunnel意為“困難(不快)的事情有結(jié)束的跡象”。
參考譯文:如果有人徹底無(wú)知的話,無(wú)知也就不那么糟了。困難的是人們?cè)敿?xì)了解無(wú)知的實(shí)際情況——最差的方面以及這里或那里并不太差的方面,但并不了解困難的事情根本沒(méi)有結(jié)束的跡象,甚至還沒(méi)有可以信賴的任何解決問(wèn)題的途徑。
He worked his way through the ranks,eventually becoming managing director responsible for the chain's operations in southern England.
他從基層干起,逐級(jí)向上升,最終當(dāng)上了負(fù)責(zé)該連鎖大企業(yè)在南英格蘭事務(wù)的常務(wù)主任。
注釋?zhuān)孩賠esponsible for形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。②多義詞operations不是“手術(shù)”“運(yùn)作”,而是“企業(yè)”的意思。
新的技術(shù)革命和頻繁中西文化交流使我們的英語(yǔ)熟詞有了新意或偏義。例如,skin一詞的意思是“人與人的實(shí)際接觸或交往”。
People who correspond with each other electronically often feel the need for skin and try to meet in what they call real life.
彼此之間用電子方式通信的人們經(jīng)常覺(jué)得有面對(duì)面接觸的需要,他們也盡可能在他們稱之為現(xiàn)實(shí)的生活中交往。
The desire for skin can be seen in downtowns and shopping malls - people want human contact even when they could buy things via television or the telephone.
這種與人直接謀面接觸的愿望在鬧市區(qū)和商場(chǎng)是可以領(lǐng)略到的。即使人們可以通過(guò)電視或電話購(gòu)物,他們還是想有人與人之間的直接交往。